Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Oct 5;12(10):220146. doi: 10.1098/rsob.220146

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2022 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 2. — Published structures of lipid A from Gram-negative bacteria cultured from aquatic ecosystems. (a) Hexa-acylated lipid A from E. coli with acyl chains ranging from 12 to 14 carbons in length [108]. Compared to E.coli lipid A, (b) hexa-acylated lipid A from M. oceanus 28 and 36 contains longer secondary acyl chains with 16 carbons [117], (c) hexa-acylated lipid A from H. lacunaris TB21 contains shorter primary and secondary acyl chains with 10 carbons [118], (d) hexa-acylated lipid A from C. pacifica KMM 3879 contains a shorter acyl chain with 10 carbons [119], (e) hexa-acylated lipid A from T. hydrothermalisis contains only shorter, odd-length primary and secondary acyl chains with 11 carbons as well as D-GalA residues attached to the phosphate groups of the di-glucosamine backbone [120], (f) hepta-acylated lipid A from H. magadiensis contains shorter (10 carbons) and longer acyl chains (16 or 18 carbons) [121], (g) tetra-acylated lipid A from E. pacifica KMM 6172 T contains longer primary acyl chains ranging from 15 to 17 carbons as well as a D-GalA residue attached to the di-glucosamine backbone [122], (h) tetra-acylated lipid A from E. vietnamensis KMM 6221 contains longer primary chains with 15 or 16 carbons as well as a D-GalA residue attached to the di-glucosamine backbone [122] and (i) penta-acylated lipid A from P. haloplanktis TAB 23 contains only even-length acyl chains with 12 carbons [123].