Table 2.

Impacts of XR on the learning effects, by education level.

Educational level	N	g	SE	95% CI		Z	p	Between-group effects
				Lower	Upper
Primary education	11	1.131	0.229	0.682	1.579	4.939	< 0.001	Q = 4.096, p = 0.129
Secondary education	3	0.646	0.157	0.338	0.953	4.115	< 0.001
Higher education	6	0.238	0.537	−0.814	1.290	0.443	0.658

N, number of samples; g, Hedges’ g (effect sizes); SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval.