Table 5. Risk factors for longer length of stay using a log-linear regression model.

Parameters	Coefficient estimate	Standard error	P-value	Average marginal effect
ESBL-producing Enterobacteriales as a causative pathogen	0.217	0.108	0.045	2.30
Ciprofloxacin-resistance Enterobacteriales as a causative pathogen	0.023	0.086	0.789	0.24
Age	0.005	0.002	0.045	0.05
Female sex	0.142	0.104	0.171	1.51
Charlson’s comorbidity index	-0.009	0.016	0.591	-0.09
Bedridden status	-0.077	0.151	0.613	-0.82
Any structural problem in urinary tract	0.224	0.104	0.032	2.38
History of admission during 1 year prior to inclusion	0.046	0.120	0.703	0.49
History of antibiotic usage during 1 year prior to inclusion	-0.113	0.094	0.230	-1.20
History of urinary tract infection during 1 year prior to inclusion	-0.006	0.090	0.951	-0.06
Use of chemotherapeutic agents	0.156	0.134	0.245	1.66
Use of immunosuppressants	0.047	0.084	0.574	0.50
History of urinary catheterization during 1 month prior to inclusion	0.378	0.231	0.102	4.02
History of urinary tract operation during 3 months prior to inclusion	-0.110	0.154	0.475	-1.17
Pitt score	0.076	0.036	0.038	0.80
Discordance between antibiotic susceptibility of the causative pathogen and initial antibiotic regimen	0.038	0.105	0.714	0.41
Initial Braden scale	-0.009	0.017	0.598	-0.10
Stayed in a premium room at least for a day during hospitalization	-0.029	0.098	0.765	-0.31
Constant	1.829	0.489	<0.001	‒

“Coefficient estimate” column displays the estimate from log-linear regression (semi-elasticity) and “average marginal effect” column reports the average marginal effect of a unit increase in the control variable on length of stay. The coefficient of the constant term in linear regression is estimated to capture the intercept; thus, its average marginal effect is omitted.

ESBL, extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase.