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. 2022 Sep 20;13:977235. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977235

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Neonatal PVM infection combined with OVA sensitization facilitated childhood allergic asthma in mice. (A) Airway resistance index (RI) and lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn) to increasing doses of inhaled methacholine (MCh, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/ml) following OVA challenge from day 21 to 25 post infection in mice. PVM-OVA group compared with PBS group, *, with PBS-OVA group, #, with PVM group, ●. (B) H&E staining shows peribronchiolar, perivascular, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (100X). PAS staining shows bronchiolar mucus production (400X). (C) Scores for pulmonary inflammation and mucus. (D) Relative expression of cytokines in lung tissue by real-time PCR. (E) Expression of CD11b and/or Gr-1 on F4/80— BALF cells in PBS and PVM-OVA group by flow cytometry. Each experimental group contained three biology repeats. Data are presented as means standard deviations of 5-6 mice per group and are representative of two experiments. Values are shown as means ± SEM. (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001 ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001, •P<0.05, ••P<0.01).