Table 4.
Frequency of caregivers’ endorsement of PPPMa items at time point 2 (N=41).
| PPPM items (when your child was recovering from surgery, did she or he do the following?) | Control group (n=24), n (%) | Intervention group (n=17), n (%) |
| Whine or complain more than usual | 17 (71) | 10 (59) |
| Cry more easily than usual | 15 (63) | 9 (53) |
| Play less than usual | 21 (88) | 12 (71) |
| Not do the things she or he normally does | 15 (63) | 12 (71) |
| Act more worried than usual | 8 (33) | 6 (35) |
| Act more quiet than usual | 17 (71) | 11 (65) |
| Have less energy than usual | 18 (75) | 11 (65) |
| Refuse to eat | 12 (50) | 10 (59) |
| Eat less than usual | 22 (92) | 14 (82) |
| Hold the sore part of his or her body | 13 (54) | 7 (41) |
| Try not to bump the sore part of his or her body | 15 (63) | 6 (35) |
| Groan or moan more than usual | 16 (67) | 8 (47) |
| Look more flushed than usual | 16 (67) | 11 (65) |
| Want to be close to you more than usual | 21 (88) | 14 (82) |
| Take medication when she or he normally refuses | 14 (58) | 3 (18) |
aPPPM: Parents’ Postoperative Pain Measure.