Table V.
Subgroup analysis by injury characteristics.
| Characteristic | Overall analysis | USA | Non-USA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean, % (SD)* | Studies, n | Mean, % (SD)* | Studies, n | Mean, % (SD)* | Studies, n | p-value† | |
| Mechanism of injury | |||||||
| Fall | 70.6 (26.2) | 17 | 56.5 (30.1) | 8 | 84.7 (10.4) | 9 | 0.024 |
| Struck object | 10.5 (21.2) | 17 | 18.6 (29.2) | 8 | 3.4 (5.4) | 9 | 0.187 |
| Vehicle | 11.0 (12.8) | 17 | 16.7 (16.0) | 8 | 5.3 (4.6) | 9 | 0.069 |
| Pedestrian | 2.2 (3.7) | 17 | 2.8 (5.1) | 8 | 1.7 (2.4) | 9 | 0.531 |
| Types of injuries | |||||||
| Bone | 40.6 (25.8) | 30 | 47.4 (29.0) | 15 | 33.7 (20.9) | 15 | 0.151 |
| Soft-tissue | 37.7 (23.3) | 26 | 35.9 (21.5) | 11 | 39.1 (29.2) | 15 | 0.727 |
| Lacerations | 35.7 (21.6) | 20 | 31.4 (19.6) | 7 | 38.0 (23.1) | 13 | 0.511 |
| Sprains | 13.5 (9.3) | 15 | 18.4 (9.7) | 6 | 10.2 (8.0) | 9 | 0.119 |
| Head and neck | 27.5 (15.1) | 26 | 23.2 (14.2) | 11 | 30.6 (15.3) | 15 | 0.218 |
| TBI | 11.0 (8.5) | 24 | 10.2 (9.0) | 14 | 12.2 (8.0) | 10 | 0.570 |
| ICH | 3.6 (4.0) | 22 | 4.9 (5.3) | 11 | 2.2 (1.6) | 11 | 0.127 |
| Concussion | 8.6 (6.7) | 16 | 7.6 (5.2) | 7 | 9.3 (7.9) | 9 | 0.604 |
| Injury location | |||||||
| Head and neck | 32.7 (20.7) | 24 | 28.4 (19.1) | 10 | 35.8 (22.0) | 14 | 0.391 |
| Face | 23.1 (16.2) | 17 | 27.4 (13.5) | 9 | 18.3 (18.5) | 8 | 0.276 |
| Core | 7.2 (4.6) | 21 | 7.7 (5.9) | 10 | 6.8 (3.2) | 11 | 0.660 |
| Upper limb | 40.7 (18.2) | 21 | 40.1 (18.6) | 13 | 41.7 (18.7) | 8 | 0.849 |
| Lower limb | 26.8 (18.1) | 20 | 28.0 (19.6) | 12 | 25.0 (16.7) | 8 | 0.723 |
| Fracture location | |||||||
| Skull/head | 5.1 (9.9) | 16 | 9.9 (13.9) | 7 | 1.3 (0.7) | 9 | 0.151 |
| Face | 10.3 (6.8) | 21 | 11.5 (8.7) | 9 | 9.4 (5.1) | 12 | 0.546 |
| Upper limb | 34.8 (31.0) | 27 | 37.3 (31.9) | 13 | 32.4 (31.1) | 14 | 0.691 |
| Lower limb | 21.6 (21.3) | 25 | 27.5 (23.4) | 12 | 16.3 (18.4) | 13 | 0.201 |
| Disposition | |||||||
| Treated and released | 70.7 (18.9) | 26 | 73.7 (19.2) | 14 | 67.2 (18.7) | 12 | 0.394 |
| Admitted to inpatient | 23.3 (12.0) | 26 | 18.9 (12.54) | 14 | 26.3 (10.7) | 12 | 0.119 |
| Surgery | 20.8 (13.8) | 24 | 14.4 (7.7) | 12 | 27.2 (15.8) | 12 | 0.023 |
*
Mean of the percentages reported by each study in the subgroup.
†
Independent-samples t-test with Welch’s correction between USA and non-USA subgroups.
ICH, intracranial haemorrhage; SD, standard deviation; TBI, traumatic brain injury.