. 2022 Aug 9;3(10):1173–1197. doi: 10.1039/d2cb00116k

Summary of natural and engineered polymerases for the synthesis/transcription, reverse transcription or amplification of nucleic acids with unnatural moieties.

Polymerase	Mutation sites	Activities	Ref.
DNAP I from E. coli		Incorporation of K–X	147
KF of DNAP I from E. coli		Incorporation of MMO2–5SICS, NaM–5SICS, NaM–TPT3, s–z, Q–Pa, Dss–Pa and Ds–Pa	27, 28, 31, 36, 43, 155 and 156
Taq		Incorporation of NaM–5SICS, NaM–TPT3, and Z–P	29, 31 and 148
TiTaq		Incorporation of isoG–isoC	146
Taq DNAP mutant	M444V, P527A, D551E, E832V	Incorporation of Z–P	105
Taq DNAP mutant	N580S, L628V, E832V		105
Taq/Tth/Tfl 5D4	V62I, Y78H, T88S, P114Q, P264S, E303V, G389V, E424G, E432G, E602G, A608V, I614M, M761T, M775T	Incorporation of 5NI and 5NIC	93
Taq M1	G84A, D144G, K314R, E520G, F598L, A608V, E742G	PCR with 7-deaza-dGTP, FITC-12-dATP, Biotin-16-dUTP and αS-dNTPs	79
SF P2	F598I, I614F, Q489H	Incorporation of PICS–PICS	150
OneTaq DNAP		Incorporation of NaM–5SICS, NaM–TPT3	31 and 237
Deep Vent DNAP		Incorporation of NaM–5SICS, MMO2–5SICS, Ds–Px, Dss–Pn and Dss–Px	29, 157 and 158
Vent DNAP		Incorporation of Ds–Pa	36
Phusion DNAP		Incorporation of NaM–5SICS	29
Pfu E10	V93Q, D141A, E143A, V337I, E399D, N400D, R407I, Y546H	Incorporation of Cy3- or Cy5-modified dCTP	94
KOD Dash DNAP		Incorporation of dN^amTPs	141
KOD DNAP mutant	D141A, E143A, A485L	Incorporation of dN^amTPs	142
T7 RNAP		Incorporation of m¹Ψ triphosphate	30, 34, 36, 39, 40, 145, 154–156, 160 and 238
		Transcription of MMO2–5SICS, NaM–5SICS, NaM–TPT3, PTMO–TPT3, CNMO–TPT3, x–y, s–y, s–z, s–Pa, Ds–Pa, Dss–Pa and Ds–Px
T7 RNAP F	Y639F	Transcription of Ds–Pa and Ds-modified Pa	159
T7 RNAP F-M5	Y639F, S430P, N433T, S633P, F849I, F880Y	Transcription of Ds–Pa and Ds-modified Pa	159
T7 RNAP FA-M5	Y639F, H784A, S430P, N433T, S633P, F849I, F880Y	Transcription of Ds–Pa and Ds-modified Pa	159
T7 RNAP VRS-M5	G542V, H772R, H784S, S430P, N433T, S633P, F849I, F880Y	Transcription of Ds–Pa and Ds-modified Pa	159
		Transcription of 2′-F-C/U modified RNA containing modified Pa
T7 RNAP FAL	Y639F, H784A, P266L	Transcription of Z–P and S–B	149
RNAP II from S. cerevisiae		Transcription of NaM–TPT3	151
AMV reverse transcriptase		Reverse transcription of NaM–TPT3 and Q–Pa	43, 153 and 154
MMLV reverse transcriptase		Reverse transcription of NaM–TPT3	153
SuperScript II reverse transcriptase		Reverse transcription of NaM–TPT3	153
SuperScript III reverse transcriptase		Reverse transcription of NaM–TPT3	154
SuperScript IV reverse transcriptase		Reverse transcription of NaM–TPT3	153 and 154
Taq Volcano2G		Reverse transcription of NaM–TPT3	153
SFM4-3	I614E, E615G, V518A, N583S, D655N, E681K, E742Q, M747R	Synthesis or amplification of 2′-OMe, 2′-F, 2′-Az, 2′-Cl, 2′-Am-modified DNA/RNA and ANA	77 and 127
SFM4-6	I614E, E615G, D655N, L657M, E681K, E742N, M747R	Synthesis of 2′-F-DNA, 2′-OMe-RNA	77
SFM4-9	I614E, E615G, N415Y, V518A, D655N, L657M, E681V, E742N, M747R	Reverse transcription of 2′-F-DNA, 2′-OMe-RNA	77
Bst DNAP		Reverse transcription of FANA and TNA	177–179
Deep Vent DNAP		Synthesis of HNA, ANA and FANA	177
Deep Vent-RI	D141A, E143A, A485R, E664I	Synthesis of TNA	98
Tgo DNAP		Synthesis of HNA, FANA and ANA	177 and 181
		Incorporation of C8-alkyne-FANA UTP into FANA
Tgo-RI	D141A, E143A, A485R, E664I	Synthesis of TNA	98
Tgo Pol6G12	TgoT: V589A, E609K, I610M, K659Q, E664Q, Q665P, R668K, D669Q, K671H, K674R, T676R, A681S, L704P, E730G	Synthesis of HNA and FANA	104 and 177
Tgo-6G12-I521L	Pol6G12: I521L	Synthesis of HNA and FANA	177
Tgo RT521	TgoT: E429G, I521L, K726R	Synthesis of TNA	69 and 104
		Reverse transcription of HNA, ANA, FANA, TNA and tPhoNA
Tgo RT521K	RT521: A385V, F445L, E664K	Reverse transcription of LNA and CeNA	104
Tgo RT-TKK	RT521K: I114T, S383K, N735K	Reverse transcription of 2′-OMe-RNA, AtNA	102
Tgo RT-C8	RT-TKK: F493V, Y496N, Y497L, Y499A, A500Q, K501H	Reverse transcription of 2′-OMe, 2′-MOE, PS 2′-MOE-RNA, HNA, and AtNA	102
Tgo PolC7	TgoT: E654Q, E658Q, K659Q, V661A, E664Q, Q665P, D669A, K671Q, T676K, R709K	Synthesis of CeNA and LNA	104
Tgo PolD4K	TgoT: L403P, P657T, E658Q, K659H, Y663H, E664K, D669A, K671N, T676I	Synthesis of FANA, ANA, TNA, HNA, PMT and RNA	104 and 177
Tgo QGLK	V93Q, D141A, E143A, Y409G, A485L, E664K	Synthesis of RNA, FANA, ANA and HNA	177
Tgo EPFLH	V93Q, D141A, E143A, H147E, L403P, L408F, A485L, I521L, E664H	Synthesis of PMT, ANA, TNA, RNA, FANA and tPhoNA	69 and 177
KOD DNAP		Synthesis of FANA	177
KOD Dash DNAP		PCR with 4′-Thiol-dTTP and 4′-Thiol-dCTP	48
KOD DGLNK	N210D, Y409G, A485L, D614N, E664K	Synthesis of 2′-OMe-RNA and LNA	176
KOD DLK	N210D, A485L, E664K	Reverse transcription of LNA and 2′-OMe-RNA	176
Kod RI	D141A, E143A, A485R, E664I	Synthesis of TNA	98
Kod RS	D141A, E143A, A485R, N491S	Synthesis of TNA	174
Kod QS	D141A, E143A, L489Q, N491S	Synthesis of TNA	174
Kod RSGA	D141A, E143A, A485R, N491S, R606G, T723A	Synthesis of FANA, ANA, HNA, TNA, C5-modified TNA, RNA and PMT	68, 175 and 177
KOD RTX	F38L, R97M, K118I, M137L, R381H, Y384H, V389I, K466R, Y493L, T514I, I521L, F587L, E664K, G711V, N735K, W768R	Reverse transcription of RNA and 2′-OMe-RNA	116
KOD RTX-Ome v6	RTX: A40V, E251K, S340P, G350V, V353L, H381R, H384Y, K468N, I488L, G498A, K664R	Reverse transcription of 2′-OMe-RNA	167
KOD RT521K	V93E, D141A, E143A, A485L, I521L, E664K	Reverse transcription of tPhoNA	69
9°N DNAP		Synthesis of FANA, ANA, HNA and TNA	177
9°N-Therminator	D141A, E143A, A485L	Synthesis of TNA	172 and 173
9°N-YRI	D141A, E143A, A485R, E664I	Synthesis of TNA	103
9°N-NVA	D141A, E143A, Y409N, D432G, A485V, V636A, E664A	Synthesis of TNA	103
Phi29 DNAP mutant	D12A	Synthesis of HNA, FANA and 2′-F-DNA	180
Tgo PGV2	RT521L: D455P, K487G, R606V, R613V	Synthesis of phNA	64
DNAP from E. coli		Polymerization of the Sp diastereomers of nucleoside 5′-(1-thiotriphosphates)	63
RNAP from E. coli		Polymerization of the Sp diastereomers of nucleoside 5′-(1-thiotriphosphates)	63
T7 RNAP		Transcription of RNA from 4′-thiol-modified DNA	46, 63 and 194
		Transcription of 4′-thiol-modified RNA from DNA
		Polymerization of the Sp diastereomers of nucleoside 5′-(1-thiotriphosphates)
T7 RNAP mutant	Y639F	Transcription of 2′-F, 2′-Am and 2′-F-EdU-modified RNA	48, 49, 67, 168 and 169
T7 RNAP mutant	Y639F, H784A	Transcription of 2′-OMe and 2′-Az-modified RNA	170
T7 RNAP RGVG, E593G, V685A	Y639V, H784G, E593G, V685A	Transcription of 2′-OMe-modified RNA	107
T7 RNAP RGVG-M5	RGVG: S430P, N433T, S633P, F849I, F880Y	Transcription of 2′-OMe-RNA	171
T7 RNAP RGVG-M6	RGVG: P266L, S430P, N433T, S633P, F849I, F880Y	Transcription of 2′-OMe-RNA	171
RNAPs from mammalian cells		Transcription of RNA from 4′-thiol-modified DNA	48 and 49