Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients treated with and without glucocorticoids according to unmatched and propensity score matched groups.
| Characteristics | Unmatched |
After 1:4 matching |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| control (n = 3,425) | glucocorticoids (n = 28,145) | ASD, % | control (n = 3,425) | glucocorticoids (n = 13,700) | ASD, % | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 37.1 (27.4) | 38.6 (26.5) | 5.4 | 37.1 (27.4) | 36.5 (26.9) | 2.2 |
| Male | 1,829 (53.4) | 15,125 (53.7) | 0.7 | 1,829 (53.4) | 7,241 (52.9) | 1.1 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||||
| <18.5 | 861 (25.1) | 6,291 (22.4) | 6.6 | 861 (25.1) | 3,467 (25.3) | 0.4 |
| 18.5 to <25.0 | 1,379 (40.3) | 11,765 (41.8) | 3.1 | 1,379 (40.3) | 5,484 (40.0) | 0.5 |
| 25.0 to <30.0 | 443 (12.9) | 3,973 (14.1) | 3.5 | 443 (12.9) | 1,780 (13.0) | 0.2 |
| ≥30.0 | 132 (3.9) | 1,064 (3.8) | 0.4 | 132 (3.9) | 560 (4.1) | 1.2 |
| Missing | 610 (17.8) | 5,052 (17.9) | 0.4 | 610 (17.8) | 2,409 (17.6) | 0.6 |
| Japan Coma Scale | ||||||
| Alert | 2,941 (85.9) | 24,175 (85.9) | 0.1 | 2,941 (85.9) | 11,827 (86.3) | 1.3 |
| Drowsy | 332 (9.7) | 2,750 (9.8) | 0.3 | 332 (9.7) | 1,279 (9.3) | 1.2 |
| Somnolence | 104 (3.0) | 852 (3.0) | 0.1 | 104 (3.0) | 410 (3.0) | 0.3 |
| Coma | 48 (1.4) | 368 (1.3) | 0.8 | 48 (1.4) | 184 (1.3) | 0.5 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 2,341 (68.4) | 18,605 (66.1) | 4.8 | 2,341 (68.4) | 9,498 (69.3) | 2.1 |
| Past and current | 717 (20.9) | 6,262 (22.2) | 3.2 | 717 (20.9) | 2,796 (20.4) | 1.3 |
| Missing | 367 (10.7) | 3,278 (11.6) | 3.0 | 367 (10.7) | 1,406 (10.3) | 1.5 |
| Diagnosis | ||||||
| T78.0† | 730 (21.3) | 5,284 (18.8) | 6.3 | 730 (21.3) | 2,845 (20.8) | 1.3 |
| T78.2‡ | 2,343 (68.4) | 20,039 (71.2) | 6.1 | 2,343 (68.4) | 9,549 (69.7) | 2.8 |
| T88.6§ | 352 (10.3) | 2,822 (10.0) | 0.8 | 352 (10.3) | 1,306 (9.5) | 2.5 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||
| 0 | 2,771 (80.9) | 21,834 (77.6) | 8.2 | 2,771 (80.9) | 11,214 (81.9) | 2.4 |
| 1 | 441 (12.9) | 4,160 (14.8) | 5.5 | 441 (12.9) | 1,681 (12.3) | 1.8 |
| 2 | 135 (3.9) | 1,288 (4.6) | 3.1 | 135 (3.9) | 513 (3.7) | 1.0 |
| ≥3 | 78 (2.3) | 863 (3.1) | 4.9 | 78 (2.3) | 292 (2.1) | 1.0 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Asthma | 197 (5.8) | 2,139 (7.6) | 7.4 | 197 (5.8) | 725 (5.3) | 2.0 |
| Atopic dermatitis | 80 (2.3) | 634 (2.3) | 0.6 | 80 (2.3) | 292 (2.1) | 1.4 |
| Atopic rhinitis | 50 (1.5) | 686 (2.4) | 7.1 | 50 (1.5) | 202 (1.5) | 0.1 |
| Administration of oxygen | 1,477 (43.1) | 13,740 (48.8) | 11.4 | 1,477 (43.1) | 5,751 (42.0) | 2.3 |
| Use of drugs | ||||||
| H1 blocker | 2,385 (69.6) | 24,227 (86.1) | 40.4 | 2,385 (69.6) | 9,560 (69.8) | 0.3 |
| H2 blocker | 1,398 (40.8) | 15,167 (53.9) | 26.4 | 1,398 (40.8) | 5,694 (41.6) | 1.5 |
| β2 agonist | 392 (11.4) | 4,531 (16.1) | 13.5 | 392 (11.4) | 1,582 (11.5) | 0.3 |
| Hospital volume | ||||||
| Very low | 756 (22.1) | 7,268 (25.8) | 8.8 | 756 (22.1) | 2,892 (21.1) | 2.3 |
| Low | 868 (25.3) | 7,014 (24.9) | 1.0 | 868 (25.3) | 3,610 (26.4) | 2.3 |
| High | 852 (24.9) | 6,982 (24.8) | 0.2 | 852 (24.9) | 3,480 (25.4) | 1.2 |
| Very high | 949 (27.7) | 6,881 (24.4) | 7.4 | 949 (27.7) | 3,718 (27.1) | 1.3 |
| Clinical training hospital | 3,167 (92.5) | 26,027 (92.5) | 0.0 | 3,167 (92.5) | 12,735 (93.0) | 1.9 |
Data are presented as n (%) except for age. ASD, absolute standardized difference; H1 blocker, histamine-1 receptor blockers; H2 blocker, histamine-2 receptor blockers; SD, standardized difference; β2 agonist, beta 2-adrenergic receptor stimulants.
†
T78.0, Anaphylactic shock due to adverse food reaction.
‡
T78.2, Anaphylactic shock, unspecified.
§
T88.6, Anaphylactic shock due to adverse effect of correct drug or medicament properly administered.