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. 2022 Oct 5;10:166. doi: 10.1186/s40168-022-01352-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Responses to selection in A N3 and CLA indices and B methane emissions (CH_4, g/kg of dry matter intake) using the 31 additive log-ratio transformed microbial gene abundances (alr-MGs) as selection information (i.e., microbiome-driven breeding strategy). Responses to selection in CLA, N3 indices and CH₄ emissions are estimated by selecting animals for their aggregate estimated breeding value for CLA and N3 (assuming equal economical weights) predicted using the 31 alr-MGs. Response is expressed in units of phenotypic standard deviations of the trait (SD)