Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox hazard analyses for the prediction of the combined outcome using different combinations of clinical and echocardiographic risk factors.
| Variable | Univariate analysis (HR) |
Multivariate analysis (HR) |
|---|---|---|
| Composite outcome- ≥ 1 risk factor | ||
| ≥1 clinical risk factor for deterioration | 4.68 (1.91–15.4); p = 0.0002 | |
| χ2 for model | 13.7 | |
| P-value for model | 0.0002 | |
| AIC | 578.1 | |
| Composite outcome- Echocardiography alone | ||
| LV mass index, gram/m2 | 1.01 (1.00–1.03); p = 0.01 | NS |
| LA volume index, ml/m2 | 1.03 (1.01–1.05); p = 0.002 | NS |
| E/e′ | 1.07 (1.03–1.10); p = 0.001 | 1.05 (1.007–1.09); p = 0.01 |
| RA pressure, mmHg | 1.10 (1.03–1.18); p = 0.009 | NS |
| PAT, msec | 0.97 (0.96–0.98); p < 0.0001 | 0.98 (0.97–1.00); p = 0.05 |
| TAPSE | 0.26 (0.15–0.47); p < 0.0001 | 0.40 (0.21–0.76); p = 0.005 |
| χ2 for model | 27.8 | |
| P-value for model | <0.0001 | |
| AIC | 451.0 | |
| P-value for LogLik | 0.0001 | |
| Composite outcome- ≥ 1 risk factor | ||
| ≥1 clinical risk factor for deterioration | 4.68 (1.91–15.4); p = 0.0002 | 2.41 (0.89–8.5); p = 0.08 |
| E/e′ | 1.07 (1.03–1.10); p = 0.001 | 1.04 (1.00–1.09); p = 0.05 |
| PAT | 0.97 (0.96–0.98); p < 0.0001 | NS |
| TAPSE | 0.26 (0.15–0.47); p < 0.0001 | 0.43 (0.23–0.81); p = 0.009 |
| χ2 for model | 30.9 | |
| P-value for model | <0.0001 | |
| AIC | 450.0 | |
| P-value for LogLik | 0.005 | |
| Composite outcome- ≥ 1 risk factor and E/e′ | ||
| ≥1 clinical risk factor for deterioration | 4.68 (1.91–15.4); p = 0.0002 | 3.36 (1.28–11.5); p = 0.02 |
| E/e′ > 8 | 2.47 (1.42–4.3); p = 0.001 | 1.80 (1.01–3.26); p = 0.04 |
| χ2 for model | 17.9 | |
| P-value for model | 0.0002 | |
| AIC | 537.1 | |
| P-value for LogLik | 0.05 | |
| Composite outcome- ≥ 1 risk factor and PAT | ||
| ≥1 clinical risk factor for deterioration | 4.68 (1.91–15.4); p = 0.0002 | 3.35 (1.34–11.2); p = 0.0004 |
| PAT <90 msec | 6.8 (3.0–19.8); p < 0.0001 | 5.4 (2.3–15.6); p < 0.0001 |
| χ2 for model | 34.2 | |
| P-value for model | <0.0001 | |
| AIC | 512.1 | |
| P-value for LogLik | <0.0001 | |
| Composite outcome- ≥ 1 risk factor and TAPSE | ||
| ≥1 clinical risk factor for deterioration | 4.68 (1.91–15.4); p = 0.0002 | 3.08 (1.22–10.3); p = 0.03 |
| TAPSE <1.8 cm | 3.7 (2.0–6.7); p < 0.0001 | |
| χ2 for model | 27.9 | |
| P-value for model | <0.0001 | |
| AIC | 481.3 | |
| P-value for LogLik | 0.001 | |
| Composite outcome- ≥ 1 risk factor and Troponin | ||
| ≥1 clinical risk factor for deterioration | 4.68 (1.91–15.4); p = 0.0002 | 3.79 (0.04–0.86); p = 0.02 |
| Troponin, ng/L | 1.06 (1.01–1.09); p = 0.01 | 1.08 (1.03–1.12); p = 0.004 |
| χ2 for model no Troponin | 3.1 | |
| AIC model no Troponin | 495 | |
| χ2 for the entire model | 11.2 | |
| P-value for model | 0.003 | |
| AIC | 489.2 | |
| P-value for LogLik | 0.005 | |
| Composite outcome- ≥ 1 risk factor and BNP | ||
| ≥1 clinical risk factor for deterioration | 4.68 (1.91–15.4); p = 0.0002 | 2.34 (0.93–7.8); p = 0.07 |
| BNP, pg/mL | 1.006 (1.002–1.009); p = 0.005 | 1.006 (1.001–1.009); p = 0.008 |
| χ2 for model no BNP | 4.3 | |
| AIC model no BNP | 405.7 | |
| χ2 for the entire model | 11.2 | |
| P-value for model | 0.003 | |
| AIC | 400.8 | |
| P-value for LogLik | 0.01 | |
Abbreviations - HR, hazard ratio; AIC, Akaike information criterion; LV, left ventricular; LA, left atrial; NS, non-significant; RA, right atrial; PAT, pulmonary acceleration time; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; Loglik, log-likelihood.