Table 3.

Meta-regression and subgroup analyses.

Covariate	Number of studies	Pooled sensitivity (95% CI)	Pooled specificity (95% CI)	Pooled DOR (95% CI)	AUC	p-Value
Study design						0.57
Prospective	10	0.75 (0.67–0.81)	0.61 (0.57–0.65)	12.14 (3.60–40.92)	0.85
Others	6	0.69 (0.58–0.79)	0.69 (0.64–0.73)	7.20 (3.50–14.81)	0.78
Year of publication						0.23
2010-2013	7	0.64 (0.54–0.74)	0.67 (0.62–0.73)	4.16 (2.32–7.40)	0.72
2014-2020	9	0.78 (0.70–0.85)	0.63 (0.59–0.67)	16.25 (4.28–61.68)	0.86
Assessment method						0.0034*
Quantitative or semiquantitative	4	0.81 (0.68–0.91)	0.93 (0.88–0.96)	73.49 (25.99–207.76)	0.96
Qualitative	12	0.70 (0.63–0.77)	0.58 (0.54–0.61)	4.72 (2.43–9.17)	0.74
Blinding method						0.24
Yes	12	0.74 (0.67–0.81)	0.73 (0.57–0.65)	12.43 (5.54–27.90)	0.84
Unclear	4	0.68 (0.55–0.80)	0.43 (0.37–0.49)	4.35 (0.79–23.94)	0.73

*, Statistical significance (p < 0.05); CI, confidence interval; DOR, diagnostic odds ratio; AUC, area under the curve.