TABLE 1. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound screening among children and adolescents aged 2–16 years with sickle cell anemia continuously enrolled in Medicaid, within health indicator subgroups* — selected U.S. states, 2019.

Health indicator	Children and adolescents who received TCD screening
	Aged 2–9 yrs (n = 1,810)		Aged 10–16 yrs (n = 1,542)
	No. (%)	PR (95% CI)	No. (%)	PR (95% CI)
Total	845 (47)	NA	581 (38)	NA
Hospitalization during study year
Yes	349 (56)	1.3 (1.2–1.5)	266 (43)	1.3 (1.1–1.5)
No	496 (42)	Ref	315 (34)	Ref
Ambulatory care visits during study year
0–10	449 (41)	Ref	271 (32)	Ref
11–20	275 (61)	1.5 (1.3–1.7)	195 (48)	1.5 (1.3–1.7)
21–30	60 (55)	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	51 (41)	1.3 (1.0–1.6)
>30	61 (41)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	64 (39)	1.2 (1.0–1.5)
Emergency department visits during study year
0	269 (46)	Ref	212 (36)	Ref
1–2	332 (46)	1.0 (0.9–1.1)	235 (39)	1.1 (0.9–1.2)
3–4	144 (46)	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	79 (38)	1.0 (0.8–1.3)
≥5	100 (54)	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	55 (39)	1.1 (0.9–1.4)
Emergency department reliance
<20% of noninpatient visits	594 (51)	Ref	466 (41)	Ref
≥20% of noninpatient visits	251 (42)	0.8 (0.7–0.9)	115 (30)	0.7 (0.6–0.9)
One or more hospitalizations for acute chest syndrome in any year (including current)
Yes	426 (57)	1.5 (1.3–1.6)	359 (45)	1.5 (1.3–1.8)
No	419 (39)	Ref	222 (30)	Ref
Largest number of hospitalizations for pain crises in any year (including current)
0	236 (35)	Ref	99 (28)	Ref
1	292 (46)	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	156 (33)	1.2 (1.0–1.5)
2	170 (59)	1.7 (1.5–1.9)	135 (45)	1.6 (1.3–2.0)
>2	147 (67)	1.9 (1.7–2.2)	191 (47)	1.7 (1.4–2.1)

Abbreviations: NA = not applicable; PR = prevalence ratio; Ref = referent group; TCD = transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

* Children who had no ambulatory care visits and no emergency department visits during 2019 were not included in analyses of emergency department reliance.