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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Res Nurs Health. 2022 Jul 19;45(5):516–524. doi: 10.1002/nur.22253

TABLE 3.

Findings from the regression models on the relationship between SOP regulations NP work environment.

Professional Visibility NP-Administration Relations NP-Physician Relations Independent Practice and Support




β 95% CI p β 95% CI p β 95% CI p β 95% CI p
Main predictor
 SOP policy (reference = full)
  Full versus reduced 0.16 (0.05, 0.26) 0.00** 0.22 (0.10, 0.34) 0.00** −0.04 (−0.13, 0.05) 0.36 0.14 (0.06, 0.21) 0.00**
  Full versus restricted 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) 0.02* 0.15 (0.04, 0.26) 0.01* −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) 0.34 0.09 (0.02, 0.16) 0.01*
Covariates
 Average age 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.08 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.46 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.17 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) 0.16
 Sex composition (female ratio) −0.05 (−0.20, 0.09) 0.45 0.16 (0.01, 0.32) 0.04* −0.04 (−0.15, 0.08) 0.52 −0.06 (−0.16, 0.04) 0.22
 Race composition (white ratio) −0.07 (−0.17, 0.04) 0.23 0.13 (0.02, 0.25) 0.03* 0.00 (−0.09, 0.08) 0.98 0.04 (−0.03, 0.12) 0.24
 Education level (PhD ratio) 0.03 (−0.10, 0.15) 0.66 0.09 (−0.05, 0.23) 0.22 0.15 (0.05, 0.25) 0.00** 0.08 (−0.01, 0.17) 0.08
 Average years in the position 0 (0.00, 0.01) 0.17 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) 0.90 0.01 (0.00, 0.01) 0.04* 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) 0.61
 Geographic location (reference = rural)
  Urban −0.01 (−0.12, 0.11) 0.90 0.03 (−0.09, 0.16) 0.58 0.06 (−0.03, 0.16) 0.17 0.04 (−0.04, 0.11) 0.38
 Practice type (reference = physician practice)
  Community health center −0.03 (−0.14, 0.08) 0.63 −0.06 (−0.18, 0.06) 0.34 −0.05 (−0.14, 0.04) 0.30 0.01 (−0.07, 0.09) 0.80
  Hospital-based practice 0.33 (0.19, 0.47) <0.01** 0.33 (0.18, 0.49) <0.01** −0.15 (−0.26,−0.03) 0.01* 0.22 (0.12, 0.32) <0.01**
  All other 0.04 (−0.06, 0.14) 0.43 0.02 (−0.09, 0.14) 0.68 −0.04 (−0.13, 0.04) 0.29 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) 0.75
 Number of NPs (reference = 1)
  2–5 NPs 0.06 (−0.03, 0.14) 0.18 −0.07 (−0.17, 0.02) 0.13 0.00 (−0.07, 0.07) 0.94 0.03 (−0.04, 0.08) 0.52
  6+ NPs 0.08 (−0.07, 0.22) 0.32 −0.10 (−0.26, 0.06) 0.22 0.09 (−0.03, 0.21) 0.15 0.05 (−0.06, 0.14) 0.47

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; N, sample size; NP, nurse practitioner; p, p-value; SD, standard deviation; SOP, scope of practice; β, beta coefficient.

*

Significant at p < 0.05.

**

Significant at p < 0.01.