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. 2022 Oct 4;24(10):e39063. doi: 10.2196/39063

Table 2.

Characteristics of all survey respondents (N=290).

Characteristic Survey respondents (N=290) Included in the pre-post study P valuea


No (n=244) Yes (n=46)
Age (years)

Mean (SD) 21.4 (6.4) 21.7 (6.8) 20.2 (2.7) .15

Median (IQR) 20 (19-21) 20 (19-21) 20 (18-21) .14
Sex, n (%)

Male 113 (39) 97 (39.8) 16 (35) .53

Female 177 (61) 147 (60.2) 30 (65)
Chronic disease, n (%)

No 270 (93.1) 229 (93.9) 41 (89) .25

Yes 20 (6.9) 15 (6.1) 5 (11)
Previous flu vaccination, n (%)

No 156 (53.8) 134 (54.9) 22 (48) .38

Yes 134 (46.2) 110 (45.1) 24 (52)
eHealth literacyb

Mean (SD) 30.2 (4.6) 30.2 (4.7) 30.1 (4.0) .86

Median (IQR) 32 (28-32) 32 (28-32) 31.5 (28-32) .56
Perceived susceptibility to COVID-19c

Mean (SD) 3.2 (1.9) 3.2 (1.9) 3.2 (1.6) .94

Median (IQR) 3 (2-5) 3 (2-5) 3 (2-5) .68
Perceived severity of COVID-19c

Mean (SD) 6.3 (2.2) 6.3 (2.2) 6.5 (2.2) .58

Median (IQR) 7 (5-8) 7 (5-8) 7 (5-8) .61
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancyd

Mean (SD) 23.6 (5.8) 22.6 (5.3) 28.6 (5.6) <.001

Median (IQR) 23 (20-27) 23 (19-26) 29 (23-33) <.001

aCalculated by chi-squared test, 2-sample, 2-tailed t test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test as appropriate.

bAssessed by the eHealth Literacy Scale; possible scores range from 8 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater eHealth literacy.

cAssessed by an 11-point scale from 0 to 10; higher scores indicate greater perceived susceptibility or severity.

dAssessed by the COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Scale; possible scores range from 9 to 45, with higher scores indicating greater vaccine hesitancy.