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. 2022 Oct 4;5(4):e31579. doi: 10.2196/31579

Table 2.

Newcastle-Ottawa scale for quality assessment and risk of bias.

Study Year Case selection (maximum 4) Comparability (maximum 2) Exposure/outcome (maximum 3) Total score
Badr et al [14] 2020 3 2 2 7
Westgren and Acharya [15] 2020 3 2 1 6
CDCa [16] 2020 4 2 2 8
Cheng et al [17] 2020 3 1 2 6
Collin et al [23] 2020 4 1 2 7
Ellington et al [7] 2020 3 2 3 7
Liu et al [24] 2020 3 1 2 6
Martinez-Portilla et al [25] 2020 3 1 2 6
Yin et al [26] 2020 3 2 2 7
Mohr-Sasson et al [27] 2020 3 1 1 5
Molteni et al [28] 2020 3 1 2 6
Oakes et al [18] 2020 3 2 2 7
Qiancheng et al [19] 2020 3 1 2 6
Wang et al [20] 2020 2 2 2 6
Wei et al [21] 2020 3 1 3 7
Xu et al [22] 2020 3 2 2 6
Zambrano et al [29] 2020 3 1 3 7

aCDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.