Table 3. Mean values before, during and after treatment with the HFNC.

	Before HFNC-treatment		During HFNC-treatment					After HFNC-treatment
	N		N		NΔ	Improvement Before-During	P-value	N		NΔ	Improvement Before-After	P-value
Vital signs
Respiratory rate (/min)	172	21 ± 5	142	20 ± 4	141	0.5 (-0.11 to 1.16)	0.10	173	19 ± 4	172	1.3 (0.5 to -0.2)	0.001
Heart rate (/min)	172	90 ± 19	142	87 ± 15	141	4.0 (1.2 to 6.8)	0.005	170	85 ± 15	169	5.3 (2.7–7.8)	<0.001
Saturation (%)	172	92 ± 5	145	92 ± 4	144	- 0.3 (-1.0 to 0.4)	0.42	173	92 ± 4	172	- 0.8 (-1.6 to -0.1)	0.033

Values shown are mean and standard deviation. For Δ-values (Δ Before-During and Δ Before-After) the mean change and 95% confidence interval for the means are shown. A paired T-test was used for comparison between values before and during and before and after.

N: number of patients; NΔ: the number of patients with known values before and during or before and after.