Table 4. Comparison between patients whom had successful treatment or wit treatment failure.
| Patient characteristics | N | Treatment Successful (N = 105) | N | Treatment failure (N = 68) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (years) | 105 | 70 ± 10 | 68 | 72 ± 10 | 0.45 |
| Gender, man | 105 | 45% | 68 | 59% | 0.072 |
| Weight, mean (kg) | 105 | 74 ± 18 | 67 | 79 ± 23 | 0.13 |
| Length, mean (cm) | 105 | 170 ± 8 | 67 | 172 ± 10 | 0.12 |
| BMI, mean (kg/m2) | 105 | 25.5 ± 6.0 | 67 | 26.4 ± 7.1 | 0.37 |
| Smoking | 0.17 | ||||
| Current | 26 | 24.8% | 25 | 36.8% | |
| Former | 72 | 68.6% | 41 | 60.3% | |
| Never | 7 | 6.7% | 2 | 2.9% | |
| COPD Gold stage for Airway obstruction | 0.81 | ||||
| I | 3 | 2.9% | 1 | 1.5% | |
| II | 36 | 34.3% | 28 | 41.2% | |
| III | 39 | 37.1% | 23 | 33.8% | |
| IV | 22 | 21.0% | 14 | 20.6% | |
| Co-morbidities: | |||||
| Other lung disease | 25 | 23.8% | 21 | 30.9% | 0.38 |
| Cardiac | 43 | 41.0% | 41 | 60.3% | 0.02* |
| Vascular | 50 | 47.6% | 45 | 66.2% | 0.02* |
| Neurologic | 29 | 27.6% | 26 | 38.2% | 0.18 |
| Diabetes | 19 | 18.1% | 16 | 23.5% | 0.44 |
| Year before treatment | |||||
| Number of exacerbations in which treatment was needed | 105 | 1.00 (0–2) | 68 | 1.00 (0–3) | 0.08 |
| Number of admissions | 105 | 0.00 (0–1) | 68 | 0.00 (0–1) | 0.12 |
| Reason for HFNC-treatment | 0.71 | ||||
| Hypoxemia | 9 | 8.6% | 2 | 2.9% | |
| Sputum stasis | 42 | 40.0% | 27 | 39.7% | |
| Hypercapnia with normal pH | 8 | 7.6% | 6 | 8.8% | |
| Step-down after NIV | 7 | 6.7% | 6 | 8.8% | |
| NIV Failure | 7 | 6.7% | 8 | 11.8% | |
| Post-detubation | 1 | 1.0% | 0 | 0% | |
| Relief of Dyspnea | 29 | 27.6% | 17 | 25.0% | |
| Reason unclear | 2 | 1.9% | 2 | 2.9% | |
| Values before HFNC-treatment | |||||
| Respiratory rate, mean (/min) | 105 | 20.4 ± 4.2 | 67 | 20.9 ± 5.0 | 0.48 |
| Heart rate, mean (/min) | 104 | 88.7 ± 18.3 | 68 | 93.2 ± 19.3 | 0.13 |
| Saturation, mean (%) | 104 | 91.6 ± 4.2 | 68 | 91.3 ± 5.2 | 0.70 |
| Values during HFNC-treatment | |||||
| Respiratory rate, mean (/min) | 97 | 19.9 ± 3.5 | 45 | 21.2 ± 3.6 | 0.038* |
| Heart rate, mean (/min) | 97 | 84.9 ± 13.3 | 45 | 90.5 ± 18.0 | 0.038* |
| Saturation, mean (%) | 98 | 92.0 ± 3.2 | 47 | 90.5 ± 4.6 | 0.044* |
| Values after HFNC-treatment | |||||
| Respiratory rate, mean (/min) | 105 | 18.6 ± 2.9 | 68 | 20.3 ± 4.4 | 0.006* |
| Heart rate, mean (/min) | 105 | 81.4 ± 13.1 | 65 | 91.1 ± 16.3 | 0.000* |
| Saturation, mean (%) | 105 | 93.2 ± 3.2 | 68 | 91.1 ± 5.6 | 0.007* |
| Time on the HFNC, median (hours) | 101 | 71 (45–122) | 49 | 26 (13–75) | 0.000* |
| Secondary outcomes | |||||
| Time of Hospital stay, median (days) | 105 | 8 (6–12) | 68 | 7 (5–11) | 0.059 |
| Progression to NIV | 1 | 1.0% | 4 | 5.9% | 0.079 |
| Progression to intubation | 0 | 0% | 2 | 2.9% | 0.15 |
| Progression to O2 at home | 9 | 8.6% | 4 | 5.9% | 0.25 |
| Mortality | 17 | 16.2% | 31 | 45.6% | <0.000* |
| During hos- pital stay | 1 | 1.0% | 18 | 26.5% | <0.000* |
| 90 days | 6 | 5.7% | 20 | 29.4% | 0.066 |
| After 90 days | 11 | 10.5% | 11 | 16.2% | 0.35 |
Mean ± standard deviation are shown for normally distributed data. Median (minimum and maximum) is used for non-normal distributed data and percentage (%) was used for categorical data. For every independent variable the number of patients are shown (N).
N: number of patients; BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AECOPD: acute exacerbation of COPD; NIV: non-invasive ventilation.