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. 2022 Sep 19;13:1001265. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1001265

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Copyright © 2022 Jiang, Zhou, He, Zhu and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mendelian randomization estimates from 25(OH)D on low back pain. (A) Scatter plot showing the causality of serum 25(OH)D on low back pain previous to removing outliers identified by MR-PRESSO and MR Radial; (B) Outliers identified by MR Radial; (C) Scatter plot showing the causality of serum 25(OH)D on low back pain after removing outliers identified by MR-PRESSO and MR Radial. (D) Funnel plots; (E) Forest plots of the IVW estimates.