Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2022 Sep 14;610(7930):135–142. doi: 10.1038/s41586-022-05196-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Extended Data Fig. 4 — a, Left, schematic of V1 recording during saccades on a vertical grating. Right, average PETH of saccade responsive neurons to nasal and temporal saccades. Baseline normalized. Shaded area, average ± s.e.m. Vertical orange bar, 0–90% rise time of saccades for reference (26 ms). Note the similarity of the population averaged response to nasal and temporal saccades. b, Cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) of direction discriminability (see Methods), plotted for saccade responsive regular-spiking (RS) and fast-spiking (FS) neurons. Overall, 53% (324 out of 607) and 82% (91 out of 111) of RS and FS neurons, respectively, responded to saccades. Anderson-Darling test, p = 0.29, n = 607 for RS, 111 for FS, 13 mice. Inset, median spike shape normalized to the trough. Shaded area, interquartile range. c, Left, average PETH of saccade responsive V1 neurons, sorted by cortical depth. All nasal and temporal saccades are included. Layer 2/3, 21 responsive neurons out of 54; layer 4, 58 out of 121; layer 5, 204 out of 334; layer 6, 132 out of 209. Baseline normalized. Shaded area, average ± s.e.m. Vertical orange bar, 0–90% rise time of saccades for reference (26 ms). Center, scatter plot of direction discriminability (x-axis) of all units as a function of cortical depth (y-axis). Open circles, statistically non-significant; filled, significant (see Methods). Color code as in left. Right, CFD of discriminability by cortical depth. Layers 2/3 and 4 were grouped together. 3-sample Anderson-Darling test, p < 0.0001. d, Left, schematic of V1 recording during saccades in TTX-blinded animals. Right, heat map of the current source density (CSD) analysis from an example animal. Note major sink in the supragranular layers (arrowhead). Data from 89 nasal and 82 temporal saccades. e, Cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) of saccade direction discriminability, plotted for saccade responsive RS and FS neurons in TTX-blinded animals. Overall, 42% (82 out of 194) and 48% (15 out of 31) of RS and FS neurons, respectively, responded to saccades. Anderson-Darling test, p = 0.313, n = 194 for RS, 31 for FS. Inset, median spike shape normalized to the trough. Shaded area, interquartile range. f, Left, average PETH of saccade responsive V1 neurons in TTX-blinded animals, sorted by cortical depth. All nasal and temporal saccades are included. Layer 2/3, 4 responsive neurons out of 13; layer 4, 4 out of 28; layer 5, 52 out of 119; layer 6, 37 out of 65. Shaded area, average ± s.e.m. Center, scatter plot of direction discriminability of all neurons (x-axis) as a function of cortical depth (y-axis). Open circles, statistically non-significant; filled, significant (see Methods). Color code as in left. Right, CFD of discriminability by cortical depth. Layers 2/3 and 4 were grouped together. 3-sample Anderson-Darling test, p = 0.0005. g, Same as in (d), but for visual stimuli in a control animal. The visual stimuli used here were pseudo-saccades, i.e., quick shifts of the grating that mimic visual scene changes induced by real saccades (see Main and Methods). Note early sink in layer 4 (arrowhead). Color scale same as in (d).