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. 2022 Oct 5;8:101. doi: 10.1038/s41421-022-00445-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a t-SNE plot showing color-coded clusters of T cells (n = 8) and NK cells (n = 2). T_N, naive T cells; Treg, regulatory T cells; T_RM, tissue-resident memory T cells; T_EFF, effector T cells; T_EM, effector memory T cells; MAIT, mucosal-associated invariant T cells. b Heatmap showing transcription levels of typical gene signatures across different T cell and NK cell subsets. c t-SNE visualization of T cells and NK cells colored by tissue of origin (CCs, PTs, or MTs). d Heatmap showing the preferential enrichment of T cell and NK cell clusters across CCs, PTs, and MTs. Ro/e > 1 indicates significant enrichment. e Violin plot displaying cytotoxicity scores for CD8⁺ T cell subsets, by comparing CD8⁺ T_EFF cells with other CD8⁺ T cell clusters. *P < 0.05; ****P < 0.0001. f Boxplots comparing cytotoxicity scores for CD8⁺ T cells between CCs, PTs, and MTs. ***P < 0.001. g Boxplots comparing cytotoxicity scores for CD8⁺ T_RM, CD8⁺ T_EFF, CD8⁺ T_EX, CD8⁺ T_EM, and CD8⁺ MAIT cell subsets between CCs^, PTs, and MTs^, respectively. NS, no significance; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. h Violin plot showing exhaustion scores for CD8⁺ T cell subsets, by comparing CD8⁺ T_EX cells with other CD8⁺ T cell subsets. ****P < 0.0001. i Boxplots comparing exhaustion scores for CD8⁺ T cells between CCs, PTs, and MTs. ***P < 0.001. j Boxplots comparing exhaustion scores for CD8⁺ T_EX cells between CCs, PTs, and MTs. ***P < 0.001; NS, no significance. k–m Boxplots comparing regulatory T (Treg) scores for CD4⁺ T cells, CD4⁺ Treg cells, and CD4⁺ T_N cells between CCs, PTs, and MTs, respectively. **P < 0.01; ^***P < 0.001; NS, no significance. n Heatmap showing the strength of potential ligand-receptor (LR) interactions between mEPC subtypes and T cell/NK cell subsets predicted by CellphoneDB. o Bubble plot showing representative ligand-receptor pairs between mEPC subtypes and T cell/NK cell subsets. Dot size indicates P value, colored based on interaction score. P values were calculated by Wilcoxon rank-sum test for e–m.