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. 2022 Oct 5;8:101. doi: 10.1038/s41421-022-00445-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Workflow displaying in vitro co-culture of human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) with medium supernatant of GBC-SD cells for 0, 3, 6, and 9 days, respectively. b Heatmap showing expressions dynamics of phenotypic gene signatures in HFL-1 cells when treated with medium supernatant of GBC cells, based on quantitative PCR analysis. c Dynamic illustration of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining of fibroblasts (first row), transwell cell migration assay of GBC-SD cells co-cultured with stimulated HFL-1 cells (second row), and transwell cell invasion assay of GBC-SD cells co-cultured with stimulated HFL-1 cells (third row) at 0, 3, 6, and 9 days, respectively. Scale bars, 200 μm. d UMAP visualization of the developmental trajectory of mesenchymal cellular subsets inferred by RNA velocity. e Diagram showing functional state transitions of different fibroblasts subtypes. f Schematic illustration overviewing dynamics of cellular heterogeneity from CC to GBC.