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. 2022 Sep 18;54(9):1379–1389. doi: 10.1038/s12276-022-00856-3

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Fig. 4 — Genetic manipulation has been proven to inhibit TDEs. With RNAi and the CRISPR‒Cas9 system to disrupt the genes that regulate TDE biogenesis and secretion, TDE inhibition was achieved. Pharmacological inhibitors have also been adopted to block TDEs by targeting critical regulators in TDE secretion.