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. 2022 Oct 5;5:1060. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04034-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a PCA plots for metabolite profiling data from serum and QF muscle. The ellipses show 95% confidence intervals (n = 6 per genotype). b Pathway enrichment analysis of altered metabolites in muscle and serum. Mean fold change of significantly altered metabolites is considered for each pathway. The size of the circle indicates the gene ratio, and color indicates the sample source (red-serum, blue-muscle). c Altered metabolites of amino acid (AA) metabolism in Grpel1^{skm −/−}serum and muscle. d Altered metabolites of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in Grpel1^{skm −/−}muscle. e Altered metabolites of TCA cycle in Grpel1^{skm −/−} serum and muscle. f Volcano plot indicating significantly altered (p-value < 0.05) metabolites in Grpel1^skm−/−serum. g Quantification of Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid in serum. h Volcano plot indicating significantly altered metabolites in Grpel1^{skm −/−}muscle. i The adenylate-energy charge calculated according to²⁹ in Grpel1^skm−/− muscle relative to control. j Reduced and oxidized glutathione ratio in Grpel1^{skm −/−} muscle relative to control.