Table 1.
The diagnostic efficiency of exosome cargo.
| Study | Fluid | Cancer type | Patients | Molecule(s) analyzed | Cargo type | Diagnostic efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Su et al.15 | Serum | Ovarian cancer | 50 OC patients, 50 healthy volunteers, and 50 benign ovarian tumor patients | miR-375, miR-1307 | miRNA | miR-375 (sensitivity: 61.76%; specificity: 87.88%), miR-1307 (sensitivity: 33.33%; specificity: 94.29%) |
| Meng et al.16 | Serum | Ovarian cancer | 163 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients | miR-373, miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-200c | miRNA | miR-200a (sensitivity: 83.9%; specificity: 90%), miR-200b (sensitivity: 52.8%; specificity: 100%) and miR-200c (sensitivity: 31.1%; specificity: 100%) |
| Jiao et al.17 | Serum | Hepatoblastoma | 89 children with HB | miRNA-34 | miRNA | Sensitivity: 94.36%; specificity: 78.30% |
| Tang et al.18 | Serum | Colorectal cancer | 34 patients with metastatic CRC and 108 with non‐metastatic CRC | miR-320d | miRNA | Sensitivity: 62.0%; specificity: 64.7% |
| Shi et al.19 | Cerebrospinal fluid | Glioblastoma | 70 glioblastoma patients | miRNA-21 | miRNA | The area under curve (AUC) for exosomal miR-21 was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.865–0.985); the AUC of tissue miR-21 for discriminating II/III/IV grade or III/IV grade was 0.751–0.872 |
| Zhao et al.20 | Serum | Gastric cancer | 126 GC patients and 120 healthy people | HOTTP | lncRNA | The AUC for exosomal HOTTIP was 0.827 |
| Ism et al.21 | Urine | Prostate cancer | 30 patients with PC and 49 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | lncRNA-p21 | lncRNA | Sensitivity: 67%; specificity: 52% |
| Liu et al.22 | Serum | Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) | 52 LSCC patients and 49 patients with vocal cord polyps | HOTAIR | lncRNA | Sensitivity: 94.2%; specificity: 73.5% |
| Zheng et al.23 | Urine | Bladder cancer (BC) | 104 BC patients and 104 healthy controls | PCAT-1 and MALAT1 | lncRNA | PCAT-1 (sensitivity: 72.1%; specificity: 84.6%) and MALAT1 (sensitivity: 72.1%; specificity: 81.7%) |
| Pan et al.24 | Serum | Colorectal cancer | 135 CRC patients, 35 patients with benign intestinal diseases (BIDs) and 45 healthy controls (HCs) | hsa-circ-4771 | circRNAs | Sensitivity: 54.29%; specificity: 68.57% |
| Allenson et al.25 | Plasma | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) | 68 PDAC and 54 healthy controls | KRAS | DNA | Mutations detected in 7.4%, 66.7%, 80%, and 85% of controls, localized, locally advanced, and metastatic PDAC patients |
| Möhrmann et al.27 | Plasma | Colorectal, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer | 43 patients progressing to advanced cancer | BRAFV600, KRASG12/G13, and EGFRexon19delL858R | DNA | Mutations in EV DNA corresponding to those in tissue DNA were found in 95% of cases. |
| Castellanos-Rizaldos et al.26 | Serum | Non-small cell lung cancer | Training and test cohorts each with 51 mutation-positive and 54 mutation-negative samples | EGFRT790M | DNA | Training: 81% sensitivity, 95% specificity. Test: 92% sensitivity, 89% specificity |
| Buscail et al.126 | Peripheral and portal blood | Pancreatic cancer | 22 patients with resectable PDAC and 28 controls without cancer | GPC1 | Protein | Sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 100%. |
| Øverbye et al.92 | Urine | Prostate cancer | 16 prostate cancer patients and 15 healthy controls | A diagnosis model of 17 exosomal proteins | Protein | 17 proteins showed sensitivities above 60% at 100% specificity, and TM256 had the highest sensitivity (94%) |
| Moon et al.87 | Plasma | Breast cancer | Healthy controls (n = 81) and patients with breast cancer (n = 269) | Del-1 | Protein | AUC: 0.961; sensitivity: 94.70%; specificity: 86.36% |
| Yoon et al.108 | Serum | Gastric cancer | 500 patients with gastric cancer, including 360 with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and 140 with early gastric cancer (EGC) | GKN1 | Protein | Sensitivity: 91.2%; specificity: 96.0% |