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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ethn Health. 2022 Apr 6;28(3):413–430. doi: 10.1080/13557858.2022.2059451

Table #2.

Participants’ demographics and baseline characteristics

Total (N=50) Hmong (N=25) Latino (N=25)
Age in years
 Mean (±SD*; range)

55.5 (±15.4; 28–86)

57.9 (±17.6; 29–86)

53.2 (±12.8; 28–76)
Gender
 Female N(%):Male N(%)

28 (56%):22 (44%)

14 (56%):11 (44%)

14 (56%):11 (44%)
Clinic Role
 Patients N(%):Staff N(%)

45 (90%):5 (10%)

23 (92%):2 (8%)

22 (88%):3 (12%)
Education, N (%)
 None or ESL/ELL** 11 (22%) 11 (44%) 0 (0%)
 < High School Graduate 8 (16%) 4 (16%) 4 (16%)
 = High School Graduate 9 (18%) 3 (12%) 6 (24%)
 > High School Graduate 22 (44%) 7 (28%) 15 (60%)
Religion, N (%)
 Christian 28 (56%) 9 (36%) 19 (76%)
 Animist 13 (26%) 13 (52%) 0 (0%)
 None/Other/No Answer 9 (18%) 3 (12%) 6 (24%)
Country Born, N (%)
 USA 6 (12%) 3 (12%) 3 (12%)
 Non-USA 44 (88%) 22 (88%) 22 (88%)
Time in US for non-US born, N (%)
 <10 years, N (%) 2 (5%) 1 (5%) 1 (5%)
 ≥10 years, N (%) 42 (95%) 21 (95%) 21 (95%)
Languages Spoken, N (%)***
 English 26 (52%) 10 (40%) 16 (64%)
 Hmong 25 (50%) 25 (100%) 0 (0%)
 Spanish 26 (52%) 1 (4%) 25 (100%)
 Other 8 (16%) 7 (28%) 1 (4%)
Languages Read, N (%)***
 English 26 (52%) 10 (40%) 16 (64%)
 Hmong 19 (38%) 19 (76%) 0 (0%)
 Spanish 26 (52%) 1 (4%) 25 (100%)
 Other 6 (12%) 6 (24%) 0 (0%)
Ownership of Smartphone, N (%)
 Yes 41 (82%) 18 (72%) 23 (92%)
 No, but access to smartphone 7 (14%) 5 (20%) 2 (8%)
 No and no access to smartphone 2 (4%) 2 (8%) 0 (0%)
Comorbidities
 Mean (±SD*; range)

3.3 (±1.6; 1–6)

3.4 (±1.6; 1–6)

3.3 (±1.6; 1–6)
 Diabetes 24 (48%) 13 (52%) 11 (44%)
 High Cholesterol 27 (54%) 12 (48%) 15 (60%)
 Heart Disease 8 (16%) 3 (12%) 5 (20%)
 Stroke 5 (10%) 3 (12%) 2 (8%)
 Heart Disease and/or Stroke 13 (26%) 6 (24%) 7 (28%)
 Depression 18 (36%) 12 (48%) 6 (24%)
 Anxiety 13 (26%) 4 (16%) 9 (36%)
 Depression and/or Anxiety 24 (48%) 13 (52%) 11 (44%)
*

SD: Standard Deviation

**

ESL/ELL= English as a Second Language/English Language Learner

***

Numbers and percentages are >100% due to multiple languages spoken/read