Table 3.

Studies of eye-tracker mean latencies. While measurement type 1 compares the duration from an eye movement starts until a change in gaze coordinate, measurements 2–5 include the time needed to update the monitor in a gaze-contingent setup. Numbers in brackets denote standard deviations

Type of latency measurement	Eye tracker	Mean latency	Reference
1: Compare raw data file against video of participant eye	TX300	20.3–24.1ms	Leppänen et al., (2015)
	TX60XL	44.5ms (7.3)	Morgante et al., (2012)
Timing of gaze data vs network hub time	T120	33ms (8.9)	Creel (2012)
Comparisons of VOG against EOG-system baseline	Five VR-eye trackers	45–81ms	Stein et al., (2021)
2: Artificial eye with diodes until display change	EL1000, screen 160 Hz	4.82ms (1.86)	Reingold (2014)
	EL1000, screen 60 Hz	9.69ms (4.79)	Reingold (2014)
Artificial eye with diodes / constituent latencies	ELII	10.5ms (0.7)	Bernard et al., (2007)
3: High-speed camera films eye and monitor through mirror	T1750	27ms	Shukla et al., (2011)
4: Blinding the eye tracker + high-speed camera	EL1000	12–40ms	Saunders and Woods (2014)
5: Measure display changes against saccade onset	EL1000	10ms	Hohenstein and Kliegl (2014)