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. 2022 Oct 5;12(10):e064748. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064748

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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The study timeline (table 4) and procedure are highlighted. After screening and consent, participants will be randomised into one of two testing groups. Each participant will undergo baseline testing before beginning TT+LPWS or control TT+NMES. Each group will be tested for metabolic, body and muscle composition (P1) after a 6-month period. Each group will then complete another 6 months of electrical stimulation exercise training followed by another testing (P2). BMR, basal metabolic rate; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; IVGTT, intravenous glucose tolerance test; LPWS, long pulse width stimulation; NMES, neuromuscular electrical stimulation; TT, testosterone treatment.