Table 1.
Comparison of the general characteristics and biochemical indices of each group
| Men | Women | |||||
| T2DM without NAFLD | T2DM with NAFLD | P value | T2DM without NAFLD | T2DM with NAFLD | P value | |
| N | 77 | 153 | 66 | 110 | ||
| Age (years) | 63 (54–63) | 54 (48–62) | 0.000 | 65 (57–71) | 61 (55–69) | 0.077 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 64.9 | 85.6 | 0.000 | 59.100 | 80.000 | 0.003 |
| Menopause (%) | NA | NA | 99.100 | 83.600 | 0.117 | |
| Diabetes course (years) | 10 (3-15) | 8 (3–12) | 0.280 | 10 (5–20) | 10 (4–15) | 0.070 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.90±2.97 | 27.18±2.94 | 0.000 | 24.54±3.35 | 26.33±3.55 | 0.000 |
| Systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 130 (125–146) | 132 (121–145) | 0.880 | 130 (124–151) | 130 (123–144) | 0.233 |
| Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) | 81.48±9.59 | 85.80±9.94 | 0.002 | 80.48±8.59 | 79.07±8.16 | 0.277 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90.71±8.02 | 96.29±8.45 | 0.000 | 89.02±9.07 | 91.38±9.41 | 0.103 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 96.64±6.77 | 100.66±6.18 | 0.000 | 97.00±6.52 | 97.73±7.81 | 0.526 |
| ALT (U/L) | 19 (13–28) | 21 (15–32) | 0.082 | 15 (12–21) | 19 (14–33) | 0.000 |
| AST (U/L) | 18 (15–23) | 19 (15–23) | 0.881 | 17 (15–20) | 18 (15–25) | 0.094 |
| GGT (U/L) | 24 (17-36) | 35 (23–56) | 0.000 | 19 (14–28) | 25 (19–35) | 0.000 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.81 (5.41–9.49) | 7.80 (6.21–11.0) | 0.002 | 6.61 (5.48–9.34) | 7.89 (6.05–10.96) | 0.050 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.20 (0.79–1.75) | 2.01 (1.42–3.27) | 0.000 | 1.23 (0.93–1.50) | 1.81 (1.19–2.35) | 0.000 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.32±0.92 | 4.83±1.10 | 0.001 | 4.77±1.24 | 5.02±1.11 | 0.158 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.04 (0.96–1.18) | 0.97 (0.82–1.11) | 0.004 | 1.23 (1.05–1.47) | 1.10 (0.99–1.28) | 0.002 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.45±0.78 | 2.78±0.85 | 0.004 | 2.84±1.05 | 2.98±0.88 | 0.373 |
| HOMA-IR (CP) | 2.90 (2.46–3.97) | 3.99 (3.18–5.20) | 0.000 | 2.97 (2.54–3.68) | 3.68 (2.91–4.41) | 0.001 |
| HOMA-β (CP-DM) | 46.94 (25.29–88.92) | 44.33 (27.17–83.92) | 0.686 | 38.55 (22.52–80.19) | 48.27 (25.02–73.90) | 0.553 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.5 (6.7–9.1) | 8.3 (7.0–9.7) | 0.043 | 7.7 (6.7–9.3) | 8.5 (7.4–9.9) | 0.020 |
| PRL (ng/mL) | 10.36 (9.35–14.72) | 9.56 (7.81–12.60) | 0.001 | 12.97 (10.03–16.58) | 10.38 (8.43–14.27) | 0.001 |
| Hypoglycaemic plan | ||||||
| Metformin | 26 (33.8%) | 62 (40.5%) | 0.083 | 17 (25.8%) | 43 (39.1%) | 0.150 |
| Other hypoglycaemic drugs | 16 (20.8%) | 44 (28.8%) | 23 (34.8%) | 27 (24.5%) | ||
| Insulin | 35 (45.4%) | 47 (30.7%) | 26 (39.4%) | 40 (36.4%) | ||
The measured data with a normal distribution are represented as the mean±SD. Measurement data for non-normal distributions are expressed as medians (interquartile intervals). Normally distributed variables: BMI, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference, TC, LDL; Non-normally distributed variables: Age, diabetes course, systolic blood pressure, ALT, AST, GGT, FBG, TG, HDL, HOMA-IR (CP), HOMA-β (CP-DM), HbA1c and PRL.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartic acid aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR (CP), homoeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (C-peptide); FBG, fasting blood glucose; GGT, glutamyltransferase; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-β (CP-DM), homoeostasis model assessment for beta (C-peptide-diabetes mellitus); LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PRL, prolactin; TC, total cholesterol; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TG, triglyceride.