TABLE 4.
Hazard ratios of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke by tertiles of drinking water calcium exposure in 26,733 women of the Swedish Mammography Cohort
| HR (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertiles of calcium concentration in tap water (mg/L), range (p50) | Cases, n | Person-years, n | Age-adjusted model1 | Multivariable adjusted-model2 |
| Myocardial infarction | ||||
| 12.3–32 (29.7) | 1071 | 227,192 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 32.6–37.7 (37.7) | 564 | 143,326 | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) | 1.01 (0.77, 1.31) |
| 41.2–109.8 (70) | 388 | 84,848 | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.05) |
| Ischemic stroke | ||||
| 12.3–32 (29.7) | 1219 | 226,424 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 32.6–37.7 (37.7) | 627 | 143,023 | 0.79 (0.72, 0.87) | 1.17 (0.92, 1.48) |
| 41.2–109.8 (70) | 433 | 84,892 | 0.98 (0.88, 1.09) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.06) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke | ||||
| 12.3–32 (29.7) | 250 | 231,788 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 32.6–37.7 (37.7) | 125 | 145,745 | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | 1.02 (0.59, 1.76) |
| 41.2–109.8 (70) | 77 | 86,816 | 0.84 (0.65, 1.09) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.13) |
Adjusted for age (as time scale).
Adjusted for age (as time scale), level of education (<9, 9, 10–11, 11–12, >12 y), household income (quartiles), smoking status (never, former <10 cigarettes/d, former ≥10 cigarettes/d, current <10 cigarettes/d, current ≥10 cigarettes/d), BMI (<20, 20–24.9, 25–29.9, and 30 kg/cm2), high cholesterol (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), family history of cardiovascular disease (yes/no), physical activity (walk or bike ≥40 min/wk: yes/no; exercise ≥1 h/wk: yes/no), alcohol intake (never drinker, former drinker, current drinker <3 glasses/wk, current drinker 3–7 glasses/wk, current drinker >7 glasses/wk), and magnesium in drinking water (tertiles).