Table 2.

Comparison of the present results with previously published in vivo and in vitro studies

Ligament	Study	0°	30°	60°	90°	120°	145°
sMCL	Present study (in vivo)	0.41	0.44	0.48	0.64	0.71
	SR
	Hosseini et al. [9] (in vivo)	0.0%	−2.7%	−4.3%	−8.0%	−13.3%	−15.0%
	Length change %
	Rochcongar et al. [8] (in vitro)	0.0%	−1.09%	−2.17%	−3.26%	−6.52%
	Length change %
dMCL	Present study (in vivo)	0.32	0.37	0.37	0.48	0.62
	SR
	Hosseini et al. [9] (in vivo)	0.0%	−3.4%	−0.6%	0.0%	−1.4%	0.6%
	Length change %
	Rochcongar et al. [8] (in vitro)	0.0%	−5.60%	−5.60%	−5.60%	−5.60%	0.0%
	Length change %
LCL	Present study (in vivo)	0.44	0.61	0.56	0.64	0.57
	SR
	Hosseini et al. [9] (in vivo)	0.0%	−1.0%	−15.5%	−18.0%	−16.0%	−7.0%
	Length change %
	Rochcongar et al. [8] (in vitro)	0.0%	−4.8%	−8.10%	−11.30%	−14.50%
	Length change %

Data presented as the mean values of the three ligament components, for the present and the in vivo studies. The in vitro study assessed the whole ligament without dividing it into different components. sMCL – superficial medial collateral ligament, dMCL – deep medial collateral ligament, LCL – lateral collateral ligament.