TABLE 1.

Proteins, peptides, and small molecule inhibitors of cofilin-actin rods.

Name	Target	Function
Small molecules
Tetracyclines*	Actin	Reduces overall size of the complete actin aggregate (Pathak et al., 2021).
Miuraenamide*	Actin	Binds to actin monomers by manipulating the DNase-1 binding which aids polymerization; prevents cofilin binding (Wang et al., 2021).
Pyrollopyridines†	LIMK	Inhibits LIMK through its ATP binding site, inhibiting cofilin phosphorylation (Ariawan et al., 2021).
Deubiquitinase Inhibitors†	Deubiquitinase	Promote F-actin assembly independently of other pathways or through cofilin dephosphorylation (Larbret et al., 2022).
Cucurbitacin-B*	VASP	Inactivates VASP by phosphorylation and prevents actin remodeling, resulting in actin aggregation (Zhang et al., 2014).
Pyr1†	LIMK	Inhibits LIMK, leading to increased cofilin activation and actin dynamics (Gory-Fauré et al., 2021).
NOX Inhibitors*	NOX	Various (Vas2870, et al) inhibitors of NOX prevent ROS production (Barua et al., 2019).
Peptides
Cofilin-derived peptides*	Cofilin, LIMK, or SSH1	Regulates different targets in the actin-cofilin pathway depending on the design of the peptide (Shaw and Bamburg, 2017).
Proteins
SGK1†	Ion channels, Na+/K+-ATPase	Up-regulates the activity and expression of many ion channels and Na+/K+-ATPase (Lang et al., 2010).
Hsp70†	Unfolded or misfolded proteins	Assists in folding of new proteins, proofreading and refolding of misfolded proteins, and translocation of proteins to organelles (Mayer and Bukau, 2005).
LIMK*	Cofilin	Phosphorylates and inactivates cofilin (Zhang et al., 2021a).

*A direct link has been found to cofilin-actin rods.

^†Hypothesized link to cofilin-actin rods.