TABLE 2.
Actin-binding and actin-associated proteins involved in cofilin-actin rod regulation.
| Name | Target | Function |
| Arp2/3 complex† | Actin | Facilitates actin branching in dendritic spines (Zhang et al., 2021b). |
| ATM kinase† | Drebrin | Phosphorylates drebrin under ROS stress (Kreis et al., 2019). |
| Bin1* | Actin | Binds and stabilizes F-actin and tau actin bundles; induces actin bundling (Dräger et al., 2017). |
| CAP† | Actin, cofilin | Regulates actin treadmilling for synaptic plasticity (Di Maio et al., 2022). |
| Cdc42* | PAK1, WASP and Arp2/3 complex | Activates PAK1 leading to actin filament assembly; activates Arp2/3 complex through WASP signaling leading to actin branching (Zhang et al., 2021b). |
| Cellular prion protein (PrPc)* | NOX | Activates NOX pathway and leads to ROS generation (Walsh et al., 2014a). |
| Cdk5† | Drebrin | Activates drebrin by phosphorylation (Gordon-Weeks, 2016). |
| Drebrin* | Actin | Stabilizes actin filaments and regulates synapse structure associated with cognitive ability (Liu et al., 2017). |
| EB3† | Drebrin, microtubules | Connects actin filaments to plus-end of microtubules (Gordon-Weeks, 2016; Yamazaki and Shirao, 2017). |
| Egr-1† | Drebrin | Binds to the drebrin promoter and prevents drebrin expression (Cho et al., 2017). |
| Fe65† | APP, Mena | Scaffolding protein that interacts with APP; indirectly induces actin polymerization through Mena (Augustin and Kins, 2021). |
| Homer† | Shank, drebrin | Recruits PSD-95 and active Cdc42 to F-actin to produce dendritic spines (Tu et al., 1999). |
| Huntingtin* | Nuclear rods | Localizes to nuclear actin-cofilin rods under stress and facilitates actin dynamics (Munsie et al., 2011). |
| PAK1* | LIMK, SSH1 | Activates LIMK and inactivates SSH1; regulates cofilin, leading to actin filament assembly (Zhang et al., 2021b). |
| Pin1* | pSer/Thr-pro motifs | Isomerizes proteins containing pSer/Thr-Pro motifs; associated with Tau and APP (Balastik et al., 2007; Wu et al., 2017) |
| Profilin* | Actin | Inhibits actin polymerization (Walter et al., 2021). |
| Progranulin† | Drebrin | Assists in dendritic spine formation (Xu et al., 2015). |
| PRRT2* | SNARE complex, cofilin | Facilitates neurotransmitter release through interaction with SNARE complex; modulates cofilin’s function in actin dynamics (Savino et al., 2020). |
| PTEN† | Drebrin | Inactivates drebrin by dephosphorylation (Yamazaki and Shirao, 2017). |
| Rac1* | PAK1, WAVE and Arp2/3 complex | Activates PAK1 and Arp2/3 complex through WAVE signaling (Zhang et al., 2021b). |
| RanBP9* | SSH1, Aβ | Scaffolding protein that upregulates SSH1, leading to cofilin activation; increases Aβ protein (Woo et al., 2015). |
| RhoA* | ROCK | Activates ROCK, leading to actin assembly (Zhang et al., 2021b). |
| ROCK* | LIMK, SSH1 | Activates LIMK and inactivates SSH1 leading to actin filament assembly (Zhang et al., 2021b); potential role in downregulation of autophagy (Weber and Herskowitz, 2021). |
| Spikar† | Drebrin | Stabilize the formation of dendritic spines (Yamazaki et al., 2014). |
| SSH1* | Cofilin, LIMK | Induces actin polymerization by activating cofilin via dephosphorylation; inhibits LIMK (Soosairajah et al., 2005). |
*A direct link has been found to cofilin-actin rods.
†Hypothesized link to cofilin-actin rods.