Table 1.
Age Differences and Associations With the BART for Demographics and Covariates
| Age differences | Correlations with BART | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n | Young M (SD) [%] |
Old M (SD) [%] |
t
[χ 2] |
r pumps | r total |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | 254 | 25.39 (3.59) | 68.72 (5.24) | 76.69** | 0.06 | −0.06 |
| % Female (vs male)a | 251 | [54%] | [54%] | [0.01] | −0.04 | −0.07 |
| % Non-Hispanic White | 254 | [80%] | [94%] | [10.26**] | −0.00 | 0.06 |
| Income (1–7 scale) | 253 | 3.80 (1.89) | 4.54 (1.82) | 3.12** | 0.17** | 0.10 |
| Education (1–8 scale) | 254 | 5.39 (1.37) | 5.65 (1.44) | 1.48 | 0.19** | 0.12 |
| Socioemotional/health | ||||||
| Self-rated physical health | 254 | 3.37 (1.00) | 3.62 (0.80) | 2.22* | 0.21** | −0.05 |
| Self-rated emotional health | 254 | 3.03 (1.06) | 3.87 (0.84) | 6.99** | 0.10 | 0.01 |
| Current affect: valence | 254 | 4.53 (1.36) | 5.49 (1.22) | 5.87** | 0.13* | 0.00 |
| Current affect: activation | 254 | 3.78 (1.39) | 4.32 (1.42) | 3.04** | 0.17** | 0.04 |
| Future time perspective | 254 | 4.83 (1.01) | 4.02 (1.13) | 6.07** | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Growth (vs maintenance) goals | 254 | 1.78 (2.16) | 0.65 (2.16) | 4.16** | 0.10 | 0.07 |
| Information (vs affect) goals | 253 | 0.50 (2.34) | 0.94 (2.16) | 1.52 | 0.07 | −0.07 |
| Personality | ||||||
| Neuroticism | 254 | 6.30 (1.79) | 5.09 (1.76) | 5.46** | −0.07 | −0.06 |
| Extraversion | 254 | 5.42 (2.05) | 6.27 (1.81) | 3.52** | 0.09 | 0.06 |
| Openness | 254 | 6.98 (1.77) | 7.02 (1.64) | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.06 |
| Agreeableness | 254 | 6.81 (1.73) | 7.42 (1.51) | 2.99** | 0.02 | −0.04 |
| Conscientiousness | 254 | 7.15 (1.66) | 8.25 (1.39) | 5.70** | 0.12 | 0.01 |
| Need for cognition | 254 | 10.13 (2.57) | 10.20 (2.57) | 0.21 | 0.18** | 0.07 |
| Cognition | ||||||
| Self-rated learning ability | 254 | 3.91 (0.80) | 3.69 (0.81) | 2.17* | 0.10 | −0.06 |
| Self-rated memory | 254 | 3.52 (0.93) | 3.26 (0.87) | 2.26* | 0.06 | −0.02 |
| Numeracy | 249 | 2.09 (1.00) | 1.71 (1.01) | 2.97** | 0.11 | 0.17** |
| N-back | 85 | 34.36 (4.78) | 32.23 (4.99) | 2.00* | −0.10 | −0.11 |
Notes: rpumps = correlations with number of pumps; rtotal = correlations with BART total score; BART = Balloon Analogue Risk Task; SD = standard deviation.
aOne transgender participant identifying as “FTM” was coded as male; three participants identifying as “nonbinary” or “genderfluid” were excluded from analyses involving gender.
*p < .05. **p < .01.