Table 2.

Models of focal ischemia in the developing brain.

Model	Age	Description	Lesion	Reference
Permanent MCA Occlusion	P7 rats	Permanent insertion of nylon filament via the CCA to the origin of the MCA	Cortical and subcortical ischemia involving the majority of ipsilateral hemisphere.	Wen et al.68
Permanent MCA electrocauterization	P7 rats	Distal MCA electrocauterization with 50 minutes bilateral CCA occlusion.	Ischemia in cingulum cortex and adjacent external capsule.	Villapol et al.69
Reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion	P14–15 ratP7 ratP10 ratP20–25 mouse	Introduction of nylon filament via the ECA or ICA to occlude the origin of the MCA. The filament is removed after 45–90 minutes of occlusion, resulting in reperfusion.	Ischemic core and penumbra in the MCA territory (lateral striatum +/−cortex)	Ashwal et al.62Renolleau et al.65Derugin et al.63Gonzalez et al.179Woo et al.64Rodgers et al.153Faustino et al.67
Photothrombotic stroke	P7 mice	IP Rose Bengal injection followed by exposure of surface cerebral vessels to a cold light source.	Focal ischemia in cortex.	Maxwel et al.71
L-NIO	P20–25 mice	Stereotaxic injection of a potent endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.	Small focal area of ischemia at the injection site.	Dingman et al.74

CCA: common carotid artery; ECA: external carotid artery; ICA: internal carotid artery; MCA: middle cerebral artery; L-NIO: N5-(1-iminoethyhl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO); P: postnatal day; IP: Intraperitoneal.