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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021 Apr 17;164(5):1515–1528.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2021.03.109

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Graphical Abstract. Overview of study design including total number of study patients undergoing stand-alone Cox-Maze IV procedure with full Box Lesion set for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (n = 236). Patients divided into two cohorts: paroxysmal AF (n = 60) and non-paroxysmal AF (n = 176). Primary outcome was incidence of first ATAs recurrence. Stand-alone CMP-IV had excellent results at late follow-up, with low morbidity and no mortality. By competing risk analysis, there was no difference in the incidence of first ATAs recurrence between patients with paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal AF, and those who underwent median sternotomy and right mini-thoracotomy. AF. = atrial fibrillation; ATA = atrial tachyarrhythmia; CMP = Cox-Maze Procedure.