Table 2. Mean and standard deviation of the assessments.
| Category | First visit | Second visit | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 35 | 34 | N/A |
| Height (cm) | 161.65 (4.63) | 162.18 (4.63) | 0.00a,** |
| Weight (kg) | 58.13 (6.65) | 58.13 (6.21) | 0.93a |
| Postoperative day | 39.31 (7.66) | 119.50 (16.86) | 0.00a,** |
| History of chemotherapy (yes/no) | 18/17 | 20/14 | 0.69b |
| History of radiation therapy (yes/no) | 6/29 | 11/23 | 0.13b |
| History of tamoxifen intake (yes/no) | 11/24 | 17/17 | 0.15b |
| Presence of edematous arm (yes/no) | 5/30 | 6/28 | 1.00b |
| ROM limitation of elevation (yes/no) | 22/13 | 9/25 | 0.00b,** |
| ROM limitation of external rotation (yes/no) | 5/30 | 5/29 | 1.00b |
| LRJT reaction time (s) | |||
| Hand | 1.92 (0.40) | 1.95 (0.45) | 0.77a |
| Back | 1.61 (0.38) | 1.58 (0.35) | 0.27a |
| Foot | 1.45 (0.36) | 1.41 (0.33) | 0.15a |
| LRJT accuracy (%) | |||
| Hand | 78.71 (8.99) | 79.82 (7.19) | 0.47a |
| Back | 87.57 (8.59) | 88.68 (6.86) | 0.27a |
| Foot | 89.50 (7.32) | 92.32 (5.02) | 0.02a,* |
| Joint-reposition angle error (°) | 3.37 (2.18) | 2.06 (1.27) | 0.00a,** |
| Pectoralis minor length index | 9.81 (0.38) | 10.28 (0.29) | 0.00a,** |
| Present pain (yes/no) | 27/8 | 20/14 | 0.15b |
| VAS-severe pain (0–10, 0 means no pain) |
4.31 (2.54) | 4.18 (2.72) | 0.96a |
| Quick DASH score (0–100, 0 means no disability) |
28.77 (15.70) | 22.53 (16.35) | 0.02a,* |
| Upper limb disability (yes/no) | 27/8 | 18/16 | 0.04b |
| Exercise adherence score (0–100, 0 means no exercise adherence) |
58.09 (20.57) | N/A |
Notes:
a
Paired t-test (two-tailed).
b
McNemar test.
*
p-value < 0.05.
**
p-value < 0.01.
Results are expressed as frequencies and mean (SD). SD, standard deviation; ROM, range of motion; LRJT, left right judgement test; VAS, visual analogue scale; DASH, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand Quick DASH scores over 16 are classified into the upper limb disability group.