Table 3.
Changes in health metrics in participants that had abnormal values at baseline
| Outcome Measure |
Value at baseline |
SOC | TRE | Time x Group x Elevated Value (SOC vs TRE) |
Time x Elevated Value (Combined groups, elevated vs normal at baseline) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Baseline | 12-wk | Change 12-wk - Baseline |
P-value Time x Elevated Value |
N | Baseline | 12-wk | Change 12-wk - Baseline |
P-value Time x Elevated Value |
Change (V3-V1) TRE- SOC |
P- value |
P-value | ||
| Fasting Glucose, mg/dL | ≥ 100 mg/dL | 11 | 104.82 (103.07 to 106.57) | 100.18 (95.87 to 104.49) | −4.64 (−8.45 to −0.82) | 0.011 * | 10 | 107.10 (101.75 to 112.45) | 101.10 (97.82 to 104.38) | −6.00 (−11.49 to −0.51) | 0.002 ** | −1.36 (−7.49 to 4.76) | 0.633 | 5.80E-5 *** |
| HbA1c, % | Fasting Glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL | 11 | 5.31 (5.06 to 5.55) | 5.41 (5.21 to 5.61) | 0.10 (−0.16 to 0.36) | 0.170 | 10 | 5.60 (5.02 to 6.18) | 5.39 (5.11 to 5.67) | −0.21 (−0.55 to 0.13) | 0.033 * | −0.31 (−0.70 to 0.08) | 0.012 * | 0.453 |
| Fasting Insulin mIU/L | Fasting Glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL | 11 | 5.91 (2.81 to 9.00) | 5.63 (3.05 to 8.23) | −0.27 (−1.62 to 1.07) | 0.480 | 10 | 6.10 (3.06 to 9.14) | 4.60 (2.87 to 6.33) | −1.50 (−3.77 to 0.77) | 0.059 | −1.23 (−3.63 to 1.17) | 0.287 | 0.053 |
| HOMA-IR | Fasting Glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL | 11 | 1.53 (0.74 to 2.33) | 1.41 (0.75 to 2.08) | −0.12 (−0.48 to 0.25) | 0.300 | 10 | 1.64 (0.79 to 2.49) | 1.15 (0.71 to 1.60) | −0.49 (−1.12 to 0.15) | 0.013 ** | −0.37 (−1.03 to 0.30) | 0.196 | 0.009 ** |
| Weight, kg | BMI ≥ 30 | 16 | 108.07 (100.80 to 115.35) | 107.90 (100.79 t 115.01) | −0.17 (−1.73 to 1.39) | 0.576 | 20 | 103.57 (99.71 to 107.43) | 102.41 (98.41 to 106.41) | −1.16 (−2.51 to 0.19) | 0.601 | −0.99 (−2.97 to 0.99) | 0.444 | 0.971 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | ≥ 130 mm Hg | 9 | 136.30 (132.00 to 140.60) | 127.92 (121.10 t 34.75) | −8.38 (−14.16 to −2.51) | 0.004** | 16 | 135.31 (132.69 to 137.94) | 127.64 (122.67 to 132.62) | −7.67 (−12.48 to −2.85) | 0.001 ** | 0.71 (−6.65 to 8.07) | 0.690 | 1.70E-5 *** |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | ≥ 85 mm Hg | 6 | 89.43 (83.84 to 95.03) | 85.67 (76.48 to 94.86) | −3.77 (−13.27 to 5.74) | 0.455 | 9 | 88.81 (86.15 to 91.48) | 76.67 (70.66 to 82.67) | −12.15 (−17.56 to −6.73) | 2.20E-5 *** | −8.38 (−17.35 to 0.59) | 0.033 * | 9.72E-4 *** |
| LDL Cholesterol, mg/dL | ≥ 130 mg/dL | 25 | 154.32 (146.48 to 162.16) | 148.52 (140.06 to 156.98) | −5.80 (−16.71 to 5.11) | 0.294 | 24 | 154.00 (144.23 to 163.77) | 149.08 (138.30 to 159.87) | −4.92 (−12.54 to 2.70) | 0.054 | 0.88 (−12.12 to 13.88) | 0.589 | 0.037 * |
| VLDL Particle Size, nm | LDL-C ≥ 130 mg/dL | 23 | 45.64 (44.27 to 47.02) | 46.12 (44.51 to 47.72) | 0.48 (−0.71 to 1.67) | 0.063 | 24 | 47.35 (45.49 to 49.22) | 45.59 (44.14 to 47.04) | −1.77 (−3.21 to −0.32) | 0.475 | −2.24 (−4.07 to 0.42) | 0.107 | 0.645 |
| CRP, mg/dL | ≥ 2 mg/dL | 11 | 3.57 (2.15 to 5.00) | 1.55 (0.47 to 2.64) | −2.02 (−4.07 to 0.03) | 2.50E-4 *** | 15 | 3.50 (2.90 to 4.10) | 2.07 (1.01 to 3.12) | −1.43 (−2.37 to −0.50) | 3.51E-8 *** | 0.59 (−1.34 to 2.51) | 0.323 | 2.48E-9 *** |
Post hoc sub-analysis. Data presented as mean (95% Confidence Interval). All p-values were determined via Mixed ANOVA. p<0.05 (*), p<0.01 (**), p<0.001 (***). See Table S3 for additional post hoc sub-analyses.