. 2022 Aug 10;9:885317. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.885317

Table 5.

Vital parameters for TG^a 1: ketamine–medetomidine–midazolam–butorphanol (KMMB), TG 2: tiletamine–zolazepam–medetomidine–butorphanol (TZMB), and CG^b: etorphine–acepromazine–detomidine–butorphanol (EADB), immobilized kulans (Equus hemionus kulan) following recumbency at timepoint 0 for a 60-minute period.

Parameter^d	Protocol	TP^e 0	TP 10	TP 20	TP 30	TP 40	TP 50	TP 60
RR (breaths per minute)	TG 1	23 ± 2.49	15 ± 2.49	16 ± 2.49^†^f	18 ± 2.40	16 ± 2.49	18 ± 2.90	23 ± 3.51
	TG 2	25 ± 4.20	20 ± 3.45	20 ± 2.83	17 ± 2.87	22 ± 2.66	21 ± 2.82	19 ± 3.19
	Control	14 ± 5.91	15 ± 3.53	14 ± 3.28	14 ± 2.76	16 ± 3.22	12 ± 3.17^†	18 ± 3.53
Temp ( ° C)	TG 1	39.0 ± 0.28	Na^g ± na	38.4 ± 0.37	38.3 ± 0.28	37.8 ± 0.43	37.9 ± 0.55	na ± na
	TG 2	38.9 ± 0.28	39.2 ± 0.40	38.0 ± 0.32	37.7 ± 0.36	38.0 ± 0.30	37.6 ± 0.30	37.4 ± 0.33
	Control	40.1 ± 0.30	na ± na	38.3 ± 0.57	38.7 ± 0.34	39.2 ± 0.37	39.1 ± 0.53	na ± na
SpO₂ (%)	TG 1	96.0 ± 1.54	96.0 ± 1.31	96.7 ± 1.24	96.2 ± 1.18	96.7 ± 1.18	95.4 ± 1.31	95.8 ± 2.08
	TG 2	na ± na	95.5 ± 1.27	97.2 ± 1.27	96.8 ± 1.39	96.7 ± 1.30	96.5 ± 1.37	96.9 ± 1.55
	Control	86.1 ± 1.32^*	89.2 ± 1.42^*^†	94.2 ± 1.58	94.6 ± 1.32	94.0 ± 1.43	89.3 ± 1.55	93.6 ± 1.74
etCO₂ (mmHg)	TG 1	56 ± 4.36	41 ± 2.81	42 ± 2.70	45 ± 2.70	42 ± 2.70	44 ± 3.11	43 ± 3.72
	TG 2	56 ± 5.86	45 ± 3.02	41 ± 3.01	42 ± 3.07	44 ± 3.07	46 ± 3.00	44 ± 3.41
	Control	na ± na	45 ± 4.47	42 ± 3.52	45 ± 2.99	46 ± 3.45	51 ± 3.82	49 ± 4.46
EMG (mV)	TG 1	na ± na	na ± na	28.6 ± 7.9^†	10.9 ± 6.69	5.0 ± 5.96	4.7 ± 6.66	3.5 ± 6.68
	TG 2	na ± na	−0.2 ± 7.62	1.6 ± 5.59	1.1 ± 4.71	1.5 ± 5.08	2.3 ± 4.69	1.6 ± 5.59
	Control	na ± na	na ± na	76.9 ± 10.43^*^†	58.9 ± 10.43^*^†	62.8 ± 7.82^*^†	68.7 ± 7.82^*^†	33.8 ± 6.45^*^†

Parameters are reported as mean (± SE^c; range) at 10-minute intervals.

TG, treatment group;

CG, control group;

SE, standard error;

RR, respiration rate; Temp, rectal temperature; SpO₂, peripheral oxygen haemoglobin saturation; etCO₂, end tidal carbon dioxide; EMG, electromyography;

TP, timepoint;

^{f *}

Significantly different to KMMB at this timepoint (p < 0.05);

^†

Significantly different to TZMB at this timepoint (p < 0.05);

na, not applicable: missing values / no measurements available.