Figure 4. Network meta-analysis of all-cause mortality expressed in OR (95% CrI) (A-C), improvement of QoL (MLHFQ score), expressed in MD (95% CrI) (D-F), and HHF expressed in OR (95% CrI) among different treatment arms for PeAF with HF (G-I). Network-plot (A, D, G) each node on the plot represents an individual intervention (RCDs, AADs, CA, and AVNA), connecting lines between nodes indicating number of trials making each comparison; League table (B, E, H)) showing Bayesian comparison of all treatment pairs: the table displays the results for all treatment pairs in both the upper triangle and lower triangle, but with the comparison switched over. For both above and below the leading diagonal, the results are for the treatment at the top of the same column vs. treatment at the left-hand side of the same row; and Rankogram (C, F, I) showing median rank chart of intervention arms with all studies included in the network meta-analysis model. For treatment rankings, smaller outcome values were set as desirable.

AAD = anti-arrhythmic drug; AVNA = atrio-ventricular node ablation; CA = catheter ablation; CrI = credibility interval; HHF = hospitalization due to heart failure; MD = mean difference; MLHFQ = Minnesota Heart Failure Questionnaire; OR = odds ratio; QoL = quality of life; RCD = rate controlling drug.