Schematic 1.

Schematic diagram of a fabrication process of the smart wound scaffold and working principle for wound healing process: Preparation of t-ZnO microparticles by H₂O₂-treatment, subsequent VEGF adsorption, and composite ink with GelMA pre-polymer solution. Light-triggered release of VEGF on the H₂O₂-treated ZnO microparticles. Improved angiogenesis and antibacterial activity by a VEGF-coated t-ZnO embedded the open porous printing constructs at wound area.