Table 2.

Nursing table based on the quantitative evaluation strategy.

Item	Intervention content	Specific operation
Psychological intervention	Establish a good nurse-patient relationship, listen to the patients' preoperative feelings, dredge the patients' destructive emotions, divert the patients' attention through TV, music, books, and other ways, and give the patients' family members corresponding care guidance.	The intervention time of low-risk patients was 30∼40 min/d, that of medium-risk patients was 50∼60 min/d, and that of high-risk patients was 60∼80 min/d.
Health education	Each patient was given a health manual. Before the operation, a wardmate exchange meeting was held and a centralized education was conducted. Individual education and guidance were carried out to explain the precautions for postoperative recovery.	Low-risk patients were given individual education and guidance once, medium-risk patients were given individualized education guidance twice, and high-risk patients were given individualized education guidance three times before operation.
Pain care	Posture intervention and individualized analgesia were performed after the operation.	The patients were given individualized analgesia after the operation. Patients with ≤5 points were given analgesic nursing methods; patients with ≥6 points were given analgesic nursing methods along with drug analgesia according to the doctor's advice. The patients at intermediate and high risk were given distraction interventions, such as playing slow music and chatting with patients.
Early postoperative functional exercise	Carry out early functional exercise in different periods and stages.	(1) 2∼6 h after the operation, the nursing staff massaged the muscles of both the patient's lower limbs, from top to bottom, from the outside to the inside. The massage time for each side was 4∼5 min. After the massage of the lower limbs, the patient performed passive movement of the foot and ankle joints to move gently and slowly, 5∼10 times for each group, two groups a day. After the exercise, the patient turned over once. (2) 6∼12 h after operation, the patients were instructed to perform voluntary contraction of upper and lower limbs and trunk muscles and to perform muscle exercises, including biceps brachii, quadriceps femoris, respiratory muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle. Patients were instructed to perform exercises such as over flexion and overextension of the dorsum of the foot and internal and external rotation of the ankle joint, 10–15 times in each group, 3 groups per day. (3) 12∼24 h after operation, the patients were instructed to perform leg lifting, knee extension and flexion, hip adduction and abduction, shoulder adduction and abduction, elbow extension and flexion, arms lifting, and other exercises, 10∼15 times per group, 3 groups per day. (4) 24∼48 hours after the operation, the patient turned over once every 2 hours under the guidance of the nurse and performed bed sitting and standing training, 3∼5 min each time, 3 times a day, standing and sitting beside the bed, 3∼5 min each time, 2 times a day. (5) 48∼72 hours after the operation, the patients were assisted in getting out of bed activities, 500∼800 steps a day, and the patients were guided to perform simple daily activities. (6) 72 h after the operation, walking exercise was performed with the aid of a walker according to the recovery condition of the patients.
Continuous intervention after discharge	After discharge, formulate a family nursing intervention plan for patients.	A family continuity nursing plan was performed for the patients two days before discharge. The nursing staff in the family were trained to express their concern for the elderly patients from the psychological and daily life aspects. The medical staff conducted a telephone follow-up every two weeks. The following content included the patient's diet, exercise, and medication. A rehabilitation plan was made for the patients according to their situation, and the patients were urged to follow the doctor's advice. The patient shall have a regular blood routine and liver and kidney function examinations, and the attending doctor shall be informed of any abnormalities. The patient's family members were informed to keep the room clean and tidy, change the bed sheets regularly, and ensure room ventilation.