Table 2.
Association of MGUS With Prevalent and Incident Cardiovascular Diseases
| OR (Prevalent Disease), Age- and Sex-Adjusted | HR (Incident Disease), Age- and Sex-Adjusted | HR (Incident Disease), Age-, Sex-, and Multivariable-Adjusteda | HR (Incident Disease), Age-, Sex-, and Multivariable Adjusteda, and Additional Comorbidity–Adjustedb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart failure | 1.77 (1.59-1.96) | 1.77 (1.62-1.93) | 1.55 (1.41-1.69) | 1.52 (1.39-1.66) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.61 (1.48-1.75) | 1.51 (1.40-1.62) | 1.32 (1.23-1.42) | 1.32 (1.22-1.42) |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 1.28 (1.16-1.41) | 1.30 (1.14-1.49) | 1.22 (1.06-1.40) | 1.19 (1.04-1.37) |
| Ischemic stroke | 1.34 (1.21-1.49) | 1.23 (1.10-1.38) | 1.16 (1.03-1.30) | 1.15 (1.03-1.29) |
| Aortic aneurysm | 1.89 (1.57-2.27) | 1.64 (1.36-1.98) | 1.55 (1.28-1.89) | 1.51 (1.25-1.83) |
| Aortic dissection | 0.86 (0.35-2.15) | 3.78 (2.16-6.60) | 3.63 (2.06-6.39) | 3.58 (2.03-6.31) |
| Aortic stenosis | 1.84 (1.58-2.14) | 1.77 (1.56-2.00) | 1.60 (1.41-1.82) | 1.58 (1.39-1.80) |
| Aortic regurgitation | 1.67 (1.37-2.03) | 1.79 (1.44-2.22) | 1.67 (1.34-2.07) | 1.66 (1.34-2.07) |
| Mitral stenosis | 2.83 (1.45-5.52) | 2.59 (1.19-5.63) | 1.92 (0.86-4.26) | 1.87 (0.84-4.19) |
| Mitral regurgitation | 1.83 (1.49-2.26) | 1.62 (1.27-2.07) | 1.48 (1.15-1.89) | 1.48 (1.16-1.90) |
| Heart block | 1.53 (1.25-1.89) | 1.47 (1.20-1.78) | 1.32 (1.08-1.61) | 1.30 (1.07-1.59) |
| Pericarditis | 2.05 (1.59-2.63) | 1.75 (1.13-2.73) | 1.56 (0.99-2.45) | 1.52 (0.97-2.39) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 1.89 (1.68-2.13) | 1.99 (1.73-2.29) | 1.69 (1.47-1.95) | 1.67 (1.45-1.93) |
| Cor pulmonale | 1.58 (1.10-2.29) | 2.42 (1.83-3.19) | 2.06 (1.55-2.73) | 1.99 (1.50-2.64) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 1.75 (1.57-1.96) | 1.53 (1.32-1.76) | 1.43 (1.24-1.65) | 1.43 (1.24-1.65) |
| Pacemaker/implantable cardiac defibrillator | 1.74 (1.50-2.00) | 1.47 (1.20-1.78) | 1.17 (0.99-1.39) | 1.15 (0.97-1.37) |
HRs = hazard ratios; MGUS = monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
a
Multivariable adjustment includes diabetes, hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, cancer, and medications in Table 1.
b
As a sensitivity analysis, the following additional comorbidities were included: prevalent valvular disorders, heart failure, cor pulmonale, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and prior venous thromboembolism.