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. 2022 Oct 6;12:16788. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-21110-w

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Percent survival and (b) growth rates of Xenia umbellata colonies from control tanks with low nitrate (LN, ~ 0.6 μM) and three treatments: LN + W = low nitrate (~ 0.6 μM) + warming from day 17; MN + W = medium nitrate eutrophication (~ 6 μM) + warming from day 17; HN + W = high nitrate eutrophication (~ 37 μM) + warming from day 17. Error bars represent standard deviations of three replicates. Temperatures represent mean temperatures of the respective days or intervals, excluding controls. Different letters in (b) indicate significant differences between days (pwc, Bonferroni adjustment, t-test, p < 0.05). Asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments within days (pwc, Bonferroni adjustment, t-test, * = p < 0.05). For (a), only days with recorded colony mortalities were plotted (except day 1–16). No post-hoc analysis could be performed for (a) due to lack of variance within groups where all replicate tanks displayed 100% survival.