Table 1.

Detailed information on Indian populations of Phenacoccus solenopsis used in the current study.

Name of the population	Geographic origin (agro-climatic zone—States)	GPS coordinates	Common insecticides used for controlling sucking pest of cotton	Average number of spray by cotton farmers	Stage of the crop	Adjacent crops	Remark (observed pest and practice)
Junagadh, (Gujarat, India)	South Saurashtra Agro Climatic Zone	21°48′ 43″ N 70° 44′ 05″ E	Imidacloprid, Profenofos, Acetamipirid, Fipronil, Monocrotophos, Thiodicarb Dimethoate, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin,	8–10	Flowering	Pigeon pea	Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Red cotton bug. Pre treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 8 rounds of sprays against sucking pests
Ludhiana (Punjab, India),	Trans Gangetic Plains Region-Punjab	30° 53′46″ N 75° 51′ 32″ E	Thiodicarb, Buprofezin, Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos, Profenofos, Monocrotophos, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin	10–12	Boll busting	Cotton and Okra	Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Earias sp. Pre-treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 10–12 rounds of sprays against sucking pests; 2- 3 sprays for mealybug control
Saoner (Maharashtra, India),	Central Vidarbha	21° 38′ 59″ N 78° 92′ 14″ E	Imidacloprid, Profenofos, Dimethoate, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, Fipronil, Monocrotophos, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin	10–12	Boll formation	Sorghum	Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Red cotton bug. Pre-treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 2–4 rounds of sprays with imidacloprid followed by other chemicals
Chhindwara (Madhya Pradesh, India)	Satpura Plateau	22° 07′ 56″ N 78° 93′ 30″ E	Imidacloprid, Thiodicarb Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, Monocrotophos	8–10	Boll Formation	Sorghum	Mealybug, Whitefly, Jassids, Aphids, Red cotton bug. Pre-treatment of seed with imidacloprid; 8–10 sprays targeted against sucking pests