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. 2022 Oct 6;12:16682. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-20348-8

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Correlation analysis between the Praat features and the clinical parameters. The correlation graph shows that nearly all the voice features showed significant association with the clinical parameters, especially with those related to swallowing, and peak cough flow values. An exception was observed with the fundamental frequencies, which failed to show any association with the clinical parameters. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. HNR harmonic to noise ratio, F0 fundamental frequency, MBI modified barthel index, NIHSS national institutes of health stroke scale. F0 fundamental frequency, SD standard deviation, APQ amplitude perturbation quotient, PPQ period perturbation quotient, RAP relative average perturbation, PAS penetration-aspiration scale, NIHSS national institutes of health stroke scale, HNR harmonic to noise ratio, MASA mann assessment of swallowing ability, FOIS functional oral intake scale, PCF peak cough flow, MMSE mini-mental state examination, MBI modified barthel index.