. 2022 Sep 23;13:898505. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.898505

Table 2.

Effects of different FMT treatments on the alpha diversity index of fecal bacteria in weaned Holstein calves.

	Experimental treatment					SEM¹	p
	NC	Control	LFMT	HFMT	SFMT	SEM¹	Trt	Time	Trt × Time	Control × NC	Control × LFMT	Control × HFMT	Control × SFMT
Coverage index
5 days	0.995^b	0.996^a,b	0.996^a	0.995^b	0.995^a	0.00	< 0.01	0.38	0.28	0.78	0.64	0.75	0.13
10 days	0.994	0.997	0.996	0.995	0.998	0.00				0.79	0.82	0.66	0.15
15 days	0.994	0.997	0.993	0.995	0.996	0.00				0.18	0.39	0.79	0.65
20 days	0.995	0.996	0.993	0.996	0.994	0.00				0.42	0.11	0.17	0.28
ACE index
5 days	595.68^a	572.92^a,b	526.09^a,b	584.94^a	392.89^b	24.26	< 0.01	0.63	0.08	0.77	0.51	0.87	0.08
10 days	637.48^a	585.88^a,b	508.82^b	633.58^a	434.05^b	27.86				0.62	0.48	0.66	0.23
15 days	618.08	537.73	592.47	546.12	500.07	20.31				0.25	0.49	0.89	0.65
20 days	532.24^a,b	496.76^b	620.41^a	607.02^a	614.05^a,b	20.53				0.38	< 0.04	< 0.05	0.18
Chao index
5 days	608.96^a,b	591.66^a,b	535.87^a,b	577.94^a	397.20^b	25.17	< 0.01	0.64	0.11	0.83	0.45	0.86	0.06
10 days	653.12^a	590.03^a,b	512.96^b	638.63^a	455.85^b	27.77				0.54	0.48	0.66	0.28
15 days	644.76	555.58	600.158	554.83	485.96	21.78				0.23	0.53	0.99	0.43
20 days	540.58^a,b	502.04^b	626.00^a	627.93^a	610.87^a,b	21.19				0.34	0.04	0.03	0.20
Shannon index
5 days	4.32^a	4.21^a,b	4.01^a,b	4.09^a,b	3.81^b	0.08	0.47	0.68	< 0.01	0.58	0.27	0.75	0.06
10 days	4.61^a	4.31^a,b	3.71^b	4.39^a,b	3.99^b	0.09				0.36	0.08	0.82	0.27
15 days	4.30^a	4.05^a,b	4.10^b	3.87^b	4.12^a,b	0.06				0.20	0.82	0.49	0.76
20 days	3.74	3.92	4.35	4.24	4.38	0.09				0.65	0.16	0.30	0.16
Simpson index
5 days	0.041^b	0.089^a,b	0.061^a	0.031^a,b	0.045^a	0.00	0.87	0.54	0.04	0.30	0.57	0.84	0.96
10 days	0.015^b,c	0.017^b,c	0.055^a	0.015^c	0.050^a,b	0.00				0.84	0.01	0.78	0.15
15 days	0.023^b	0.060^a	0.073^a	0.141^a,b	0.037^a,b	0.01				0.07	0.67	0.44	0.54
20 days	0.031	0.246	0.037	0.037	0.033	0.01				0.72	0.40	0.43	0.38

Experimental treatments: NC, no supplementation; Control, normal saline; LFMT, 1 × 10⁸ CFU/ml bacterial solution/calf/time; HFMT, 1 × 10⁹ CFU/ml bacterial solution/calf/time; SFMT, sterilized bacterial solution; ^a,b,cIn the same row, values with different letter superscripts mean significant difference (p < 0.05).

SEM, standard error of mean.