. 2022 Oct 6;12:16774. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19860-8

Table 2.

Results of individual studies.

Study	Country	Risk of bias	Tool	Tool adaptation	Number of patients with 1 + PIP	Sample size	Prevalence of patients with 1 + PIP (95% CI)	Timing of outcome measurement
Acute care setting
Hudhra⁵⁴	Albania	H	Beers 2012¹²	Independent and considering diagnosis & registered & excluding criteria requiring follow-up data^a	110	319	0.34 (0.29–0.40)^b	Discharge
			STOPP¹⁵		110	319	0.34 (0.29–0.40)^b	Discharge
			STOPP version 2¹⁶		201	319	0.63 (0.58–0.68)^b	Discharge
Matanovic⁵⁶	Croatia	H	Beers 2012¹²	Independent and considering diagnosis	263	454	0.58 (0.53–0.62)^b	Admission^a
Matanovic⁵⁶	Croatia	H	Comprehensive protocol⁷⁹	Independent and considering diagnosis	200	454	0.44 (0.40–0.49)^b	Admission^a
Mucalo⁵⁷	Croatia	H	Comprehensive protocol⁷⁹	Independent and considering diagnosis & registered	102	276	0.37 (0.31–0.43)^b	Discharge
			EU(7)-PIM list⁸¹		184	276	0.67 (0.61–0.72)^b	Discharge
			STOPP version 2 ¹⁶		190	276	0.69 (0.63–0.74)^b	Discharge
Radosevic⁵⁸	Croatia	H	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent of diagnosis & registered	35	142	0.25 (0.18–0.32)^b	During hospitalisation
Gallagher⁵³	Czechia	H	Beers 2003¹¹	All criteria	34	150	0.23 (0.17–0.30)^b	Admission
			START¹⁵		81	150	0.54 (0.46–0.62)^b	Admission
			STOPP¹⁵		52	150	0.35 (0.27–0.43)^b	Admission
Kostkova⁵⁵	Slovakia	H	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent of diagnosis	128	566	0.23 (0.19–0.26)^b	Admission
			Beers 2003¹¹		157	566	0.28 (0.24–0.32)^b	Discharge
			French list⁸²		145	566	0.26 (0.22–0.29)^b	Admission
			French list⁸²		172	566	0.30 (0.27–0.34)^b	Discharge
Wawruch⁵¹ *	Slovakia	H	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent of diagnosis^a	121	600	0.20 (0.17–0.24)^b	Admission
					120	600	0.20 (0.17–0.23)^b	Discharge
					126	600	0.21 (0.18–0.24)^b	Admission & discharge
Community setting
Fialova⁵⁹	Czechia	L	Beers 1997¹⁰	Independent of diagnosis & registered & excluding criteria concerning DDIs and requiring duration of use	67	428	0.16 (0.13–0.19)^b	N/A
			Beers 2003¹¹		108	428	0.25 (0.21–0.30)^b	N/A
			McLeod⁸⁴		136	428	0.32 (0.28–0.36)^b	N/A
			Composite: Beers 1997¹⁰& Beers 2003¹¹ & McLeod⁸⁴		176	428	0.41 (0.37–0.46)^b	N/A
Rajska-Neumann⁶³	Poland	H	Beers 1997¹⁰	Independent and considering diagnosis & excluding criteria requiring dose, dosage, duration of use^a	285	1000	0.28 (0.26–0.31)^b,c	N/A
Rajska-Neumann⁶⁴	Poland	H	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent of diagnosis	6	92	0.07 (0.03–0.14)^b	N/A
Primejdie⁴⁸°	Romania	H	Composite: PRISCUS list⁸⁵ & START¹⁵ & STOPP¹⁵	Registered & excluding criteria requiring clinical information and concerning OTCs	119	345	0.34 (0.30–0.40)^b	N/A
Kovacevic⁶²	Serbia	L	START¹⁵	All criteria	257	509	0.50 (0.46–0.55)^b	N/A
Kovacevic⁶²	Serbia	L	STOPP ¹⁵	All criteria	139	509	0.27 (0.24–0.31)^b	N/A
Gorup⁶⁰	Slovenia	H	START¹⁵	All criteria	216	503	0.43 (0.39–0.47)^b	N/A
LTC setting
Kalafutova⁷²	Czechia	H	STOPP¹⁵	NR	38	58	0.66 (0.53–0.77)^b	N/A
Bor⁷¹	Hungary	H	Composite: Austrian list⁷⁸ & Beers 2015¹³ & French list⁸² & PRISCUS list⁸⁵	Independent of diagnosis & registered^a	141	184	0.77 (0.70–0.82)^b,d	N/A
Primejdie⁴⁸°	Romania	H	Composite: PRISCUS list⁸⁵ & START¹⁵ & STOPP¹⁵	Registered & excluding criteria requiring clinical information	75	91	0.82 (0.73–0.89)^b	N/A
Stojanovic⁷⁵	Serbia	H	GheOP3S tool⁸³	All criteria	383	400	0.96 (0.93–0.97)^b	N/A
			START version 2¹⁶		399	400	1.00 (0.98–1.00)^b	N/A
			STOPP version 2¹⁶		344	400	0.86 (0.82–0.89)^b	N/A
Kolar⁷³	Slovakia	H	2012 CZ criteria⁸⁰	All criteria^a	24	70	0.34 (0.24–0.46)^b	N/A
Ster⁷⁴	Slovenia	SC	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent and considering diagnosis & high severity rating & registered	355	2040	0.17 (0.16–0.19)^b	N/A
Outpatient setting
Popovic⁶⁸	Croatia	SC	Comprehensive protocol⁷⁹	Independent of diagnosis	18,358	29,418	0.62 (0.62–0.63)^b,e	N/A
Vlahovic-Palcevski⁷⁰	Croatia	H	Beers 1997¹⁰	Independent of diagnosis & registered & excluding criteria requiring dosage, duration of use	864	10,426	0.08 (0.08–0.09)^a,b	N/A
Vinsova⁶⁹	Czechia	H	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent of diagnosis & registered & excluding criteria requiring dose, dosage, duration of use	8351	15,516	0.54 (0.53–0.55)^b	N/A
Grina⁶⁵	Lithuania	SC	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent of diagnosis & registered, reimbursed & excluding criteria concerning DDIs and requiring clinical information	111,859	431,625	0.26 (0.26–0.26)^b	N/A
			Beers 2015¹³		104,126	431,625	0.24 (0.24–0.24)^b	N/A
			EU(7)-PIM list⁸¹		246,724	431,625	0.57 (0.57–0.57)^b,c	N/A
Jazbar⁶⁶	Slovenia	SC	Austrian list⁷⁸	Independent of diagnosis & excluding criteria requiring dose	187,186	345,400	0.54 (0.54–0.54)^b	N/A
			Beers 2012¹²		192,588	345,400	0.56 (0.56–0.56)^b	N/A
			EU(7)-PIM list⁸¹		208,085	345,400	0.60 (0.60–0.60)^b	N/A
			PRISCUS list⁸⁵		122,255	345,400	0.35 (0.35–0.36)^b	N/A
Nerat⁶⁷	Slovenia	H	Beers 2003¹¹	Independent of diagnosis	66,994	298,990	0.22 (0.22–0.23)^b	N/A
			French list⁸²		34,999	136,076	0.26 (0.25–0.26)^b	N/A
			Composite: Beers 2003¹¹ & French list⁸²		48,917	136,076	0.36 (0.36–0.36)^b	N/A
Stuhec⁵²	Slovenia	H	PRISCUS list⁸⁵	All criteria^a	69	91	0.76 (0.66–0.84)^{b, f}	N/A

DDI Drug-drug interaction, GheOP3S Ghent Older People's Prescriptions community Pharmacy Screening, H High, L Low, LTC Long-term care, N/A Not applicable, SC Some concerns, START Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment, STOPP Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions.

*Indicates the major publication for the study (the study was described in three reports).

°One report described two studies.

^aData were obtained and/or confirmed from study authors.

^bCalculated.

^cDiscrepancies in publication resolved in correspondence.

^dData for persons aged 65 + years were obtained by correspondence.

^eA part of the criteria considering diagnosis was presented separately as a percentage of a total number of prescriptions (1,315,624) that was 2.0%.

^fData were obtained from the master's thesis by Gorenc⁸⁶.