. 2022 Sep 23;9:989012. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.989012

TABLE 2.

Univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis for primary composite outcomes of HHF, stroke, systemic embolism or all cause death, and composite end-point of HHF or all cause death.

Variables	Primary composite outcome (n = 77)		HHF or all cause death (n = 41)
	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Clinical characteristics
Age	1.06 (1.03–1.08)	<0.001^*	1.09 (1.05–1.12)	< 0.001^*
Female	2.15 (1.37–3.37)	<0.001^*	4.53 (2.34–8.76)	< 0.001^*
BMI	0.92 (0.86–0.99)	0.020^*	0.91 (0.83–1.00)	0.060
Prior history of HF	1.99 (0.81–4.94)	0.136	3.76 (1.34–10.56)	0.012^*
Prior history of Stroke	1.69 (0.91–3.13)	0.094	1.19 (0.47–3.02)	0.721
Hypertension	2.35 (1.41–3.91)	0.001^*	1.91 (0.98–3.75)	0.059
Diabetes mellitus	2.06 (1.28–3.30)	0.003^*	0.99 (0.47–2.08)	0.981
Persistent or permanent AF	2.99 (1.54–5.81)	0.001^*	2.38 (1.00–5.67)	0.049^*
Oral anticoagulants	0.87 (0.52–1.45)	0.590	0.96 (0.48–1.93)	0.918
Rhythm control	0.23 (0.07–0.73)	0.013^*	0.49 (0.15–1.59)	0.234
AF ablation	0.15 (0.02–1.05)	0.056	0.30 (0.04–2.18)	0.233
Antiarrhythmic drugs	0.26 (0.07–1.07)	0.062	0.55 (1.13–2.27)	0.408
Echocardiographic parameters
LA enlargement (≥ 34mL/m²)	2.93 (0.92–9.29)	0.068	4.80 (0.66–34.89)	0.121
RA enlargement (≥ 30mL/m²)	2.34 (1.48–3.70)	<0.001^*	2.75 (1.44–5.24)	0.002^*
LAVI (mL/m²)	1.02 (1.01–1.02)	<0.001^*	1.02 (1.01–1.03)	< 0.001^*
RAVI (mL/m²)	1.03 (1.01–1.04)	<0.001^*	1.04 (1.02–1.05)	< 0.001^*
LVEDV (mL)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.127	0.98 (0.967–1.00)	0.020^*
LVESV (mL)	1.00 (0.98–1.02)	0.619	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.500
LVMI (g/m²)	1.02 (1.01–1.02)	<0.001^*	1.02 (1.00–1.03)	0.008^*
LVEF (%)	0.98 (0.95–1.01)	0.181	0.95 (0.91–0.99)	0.017^*
E/e’	1.10 (1.07–1.14)	<0.001^*	1.12 (1.07–1.17)	< 0.001^*
DT(msec)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.010^*	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.018^*
SPAP (mmHg)	1.03 (1.01–1.05)	0.001^*	1.04 (1.02–1.06)	< 0.001^*
MR	2.64 (0.96–7.24)	0.059	2.91 (0.70–12.08)	0.141
TR	2.45 (1.29–4.64)	0.006^*	3.86 (1.78–8.37)	< 0.001^*

AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DT, deceleration time; HF, heart failure; HHF, heart failure hospitalization; HR, hazard ratio; LA, left atrium; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end systolic volume; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; MR, mitral regurgitation; RA, right atrium; SPAP, systolic pulmonary atrial pressure; TR, tricuspid regurgitation. * Mean p < 0.05.