Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of 46 cases of direct autotransfusion.

Case	Age/ Gender	AF type	Anticoagulant	Antiplatelet	Ablation strategy	Blood drained (ml)	Autologous blood reinfused (ml)	Reversal agent	Mechanism of perforation	Surgical repair
1	68/M	PeAF	Warfarin	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	300	250	VK1	Unknown	No
2	64/F	PeAF	Warfarin	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	310	280	Protamine	Unknown	No
3	75/F	PeAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	240	200	Protamine	Unknown	No
4	52/M	PAF	Warfarin	–	PVI + MAI	350	300	Protamine, VK1	Unknown	No
5	65/M	PAF	Warfarin	–	PVI	230	160	Protamine	Mechanical	No
6	86/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + CTI	200	160	Protamine	Mechanical	No
7	64/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI	550	480	Protamine	Unknown	No
8	60/M	PAF	Warfarin	–	PVI	200	180	Protamine	Unknown	No
9	76/F	PAF	LMWH	Aspirin	PVI	450	150	–	Unknown	No
10	71/M	PeAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	190	160	Protamine	Unknown	No
11	60/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	250	200	Protamine	Unknown	No
12	60/M	PeAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	600	500	Protamine	Unknown	No
13	84/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI	1175	1000	Protamine	Unknown	Yes
14	64/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + SVC	210	180	Protamine	Steam pop	No
15	55/M	PeAF	LMWH	Aspirin	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof + SVC	180	150	Protamine	Unknown	No
16	74/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI	160	130	–	Unknown	No
17	71/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + LA roof	440	300	Protamine	Steam pop	No
18	77/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI	300	250	Protamine	Unknown	No
19	63/F	PeAF	Warfarin	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	240	200	Protamine	Unknown	No
20	69/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + LA roof	1230	1100	Protamine	Mechanical	Yes
21	69/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + CTI + MAI	690	600	Protamine	Unknown	No
22	80/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI	890	830	Protamine	Unknown	No
23	78/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + LA roof	380	350	Protamine	Unknown	No
24	76/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI	1860	1550	Protamine	Steam pop	Yes
25	68/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + LA roof	800	720	Protamine	Mechanical	No
26	63/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + LA roof	250	200	Protamine	Unknown	No
27	60/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI	926	650	Protamine	Unknown	No
28	61/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	1300	240	Protamine, PCC	Unknown	No
29	58/M	PeAF	LMWH	–	PVI+MAI + CTI + LA roof	670	600	Protamine	Unknown	No
30	40/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI	1030	850	Protamine	Unknown	No
31	75/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + CTI	580	450	Protamine	Steam pop	No
32	60/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI	330	260	Protamine	Mechanical	No
33	45/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + CTI + SVC	350	300	–	Unknown	No
34	67/F	PAF	Warfarin	–	PVI	500	400	Protamine, VK1	Unknown	No
35	60/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI	330	250	Protamine	Steam pop	No
36	62/M	PeAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	1850	1600	Protamine	Steam pop	Yes
37	55/M	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	1740	1450	Protamine	Steam pop	Yes
38	71/M	PeAF	Dabigatran	Clopidogrel	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	2350	2100	Protamine,	Unknown	Yes
								Idarucizumab
39	67/M	PAF	Dabigatran	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof + SVC	285	240	Protamine	Unknown	No
40	60/M	PAF	Dabigatran	–	PVI	1250	700	Protamine,	Mechanical	No
								Idarucizumab
41	54/F	PeAF	Dabigatran	–	–	830	700	Protamine,	Mechanical	No
								Idarucizumab
42	56/M	PAF	Dabigatran	–	PVI	80	60	Protamine	Unknown	No
43	52/M	PeAF	Dabigatran	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	300	100	Protamine,	Unknown	No
								Idarucizumab
44	70/F	PeAF	Dabigatran	–	PVI + CTI	370	300	Protamine	Steam pop	No
45	71/M	PeAF	Dabigatran	–	PVI + MAI + CTI + LA roof	290	250	Protamine	Unknown	No
46	59/F	PAF	LMWH	–	PVI + CTI	110	80	–	Unknown	No

CTI, cavo-tricuspid isthmus; LA, left atrial; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; PAF, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; PeAF, persistent atrial fibrillation; PCC, prothrombin complex concentrate; PVI, pulmonary vein isolation; SVC, superior vena cava; VK1, vitamin K1.