Table 1.
Preoperative demographic data, clinical and procedure-related characteristics
| Characteristic | Total (n = 191) | Success (n = 178) | Failure (n = 13) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 65 (59–73) | 65 (59-72) | 71 (59–75) | 0.27 |
| Female sex | 178 (93.2) | 159 (89.3) | 12 (92.3) | 1.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 (22.5–27.5) | 24.7 (22.4–27.4) | 24.8 (22.2–28.2) | 0.22 |
| BMD (T-score) | -1.1 (-1.8 to 0) | -1.04 (-1.7 to 0.1) | -2.7 (-2.8 to -2.2) | 0.003 |
| n = 66 | n = 61 | n= 5 | ||
| Smoker | 7 (3.7) | 6 (3.5) | 1 (7.7) | 0.35 |
| Diagnosis | 0.65 | |||
| DDD/HNP | 27 (14.1) | 26 (14.6) | 1 (7.7) | |
| Spinal stenosis | 20 (10.5) | 17 (9.6) | 3 (23.1) | |
| Degen. spondylolisthesis | 62 (32.5) | 59 (33.2) | 3 (23.1) | |
| Isthmic spondylolisthesis | 8 (4.2) | 8 (4.5) | 0 (0) | |
| Degenerative scoliosis | 14 (7.3) | 13 (7.3) | 1 (7.7) | |
| FBSS | 9 (4.7) | 9 (5.1) | 0 (0) | |
| ASD | 51 (26.7) | 46 (25.8) | 5 (38.5) | |
| ODI | 44.4 (31.1–60) | 45 (32–60) | 45 (24.4–55.6) | 0.32 |
| VASL | 7 (5–8) | 7 (5–8) | 8 (0–9) | 0.16 |
| VASB | 6 (1.25–8) | 6 (1–8) | 6 (4–8) | 0.22 |
| No. of treated levels | 0.31 | |||
| One | 147 (77.0) | 135 (75.8) | 12 (92.3) | |
| Two | 44 (23.0) | 43 (24.2) | 1 (7.7) | |
| Navigated O-arm | 74 (38.7) | 73 (41) | 1 (7.7) | |
| Follow-up period (mo) | 24 (12–40) | 24 (12–39) | 34 (24–46) | 0.22 |
| LLIF type | 0.78 | |||
| Prepsoas (OLIF) | 82 (42.9) | 77 (43.2) | 5 (38.5) | |
| Transpsoas (XLIF) | 109 (57.1) | 101 (56.7) | 8 (61.5) | |
| Cage | ||||
| Height | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (9–11) | 0.90 |
| Width | 18 (18–45) | 18 (18–45) | 18 (18–40.5) | 0.38 |
| Length | 55 (50–55) | 55 (50–55) | 50 (45–55) | 0.45 |
| Lordotic angle | 10 (6–10) | 10 (6–10) | 10 (8–10) | 0.64 |
| Fixation type | 0.02 | |||
| Standalone | 19 (8.1) | 18 (8.1) | 1 (7.1) | |
| Posterior PDS | 169 (71.9) | 163 (73.8) | 6 (42.9) | |
| Anterolateral plate | 40 (17.0) | 33 (14.9) | 7 (50.0) | |
| Lateral screw-rod | 7 (3.0) | 7 (3.2) | 0 (0) |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or number (%).
BMI, body mass index; BMD, bone mineral density; DDD, degenerative disc disease; HNP, herniated nucleus pulposus; FBSS, failed back surgery syndrome; ASD, adjacent segment disease; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index; VASL, visual analogue scale of leg pain; VASB, visual analogue scale of back pain; LLIF, lateral lumbar interbody fusion; PDS, pedicular screw.